South Dakota

South Dakota [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children under 18 years 216,108 216,722 217,817 220,094 220,429
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian 12.9 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.4
Asian 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Black 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 7.0 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.8
White 71.1 70.8 70.6 70.4 70.2
Two or more races 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7
Child population in poverty (%) 16.6 16.4 15.0 13.5 14.6
Child Welfare Summary 5
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Child maltreatment victims 1,339 1,426 1,537 1,570 1,459
Foster care entry rate 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.1 4.6
Children in foster care on 9/30 1,603 1,560 1,706 1,683 1,647
Children adopted 181 183 211 209 222
Caseworker Visits 6
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children receiving monthly visits (%) 98 98 97 97 97
Numerator 16,730 17,439 17,653 18,684 18,135
Denominator 17,078 17,874 18,168 19,283 18,688
Children receiving visits in the home (%) 97 95 93 94 94
Numerator 16,195 16,572 16,504 17,543 17,057
Denominator 16,730 17,439 17,653 18,684 18,135

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
  Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 4,201 19.4 per 1,000 3,761 17.4 per 1,000 4,039 18.5 per 1,000 4,032 18.3 per 1,000 3,800 17.2 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims 1,339 6.2 per 1,000 1,426 6.6 per 1,000 1,537 7.1 per 1,000 1,570 7.1 per 1,000 1,459 6.6 per 1,000
Child Fatalities 5 2.3 per 100,000 3 1.4 per 100,000 9 4.1 per 100,000 12 5.5 per 100,000 9 4.1 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 15.8 16.2 16.6 16.2 15.1
1 year 8.5 9.5 9.2 7.5 6.8
2 years 7.2 7.5 8.1 7.7 7.3
3 years 7.3 7.4 6.2 7.5 7.3
4 years 7.3 6.8 7.1 8.0 8.2
5 years 5.8 6.1 6.3 5.4 5.6
6 years 5.9 6.9 5.8 5.2 5.6
7 years 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.6
8 years 5.7 4.9 4.7 5.4 5.3
9 years 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.6 5.2
10 years 5.8 5.1 3.8 3.8 4.9
11 years 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.6
12 years 3.9 2.4 4.4 4.9 4.0
13 years 4.1 2.7 4.0 4.3 4.0
14 years 2.5 3.4 3.8 2.7 3.4
15 years 2.6 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.2
16 years 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.8
17 years 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8
18+ years 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5
Number 1,339 1,426 1,537 1,570 1,459
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 40.1 43.8 41.1 40.4 41.1
Asian 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.8
Black 3.4 2.9 3.4 2.7 2.3
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic (of any race) 9.0 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.9
White 31.0 32.7 34.9 34.5 32.8
Two or more races 13.7 11.7 13.6 14.4 13.8
Missing data 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.7 3.0
Number 1,339 1,426 1,537 1,570 1,459
Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Emotional abuse 1.4 2.5 1.2 2.7 3.9
Medical neglect N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Neglect 93.8 95.9 97.3 95.8 95.5
Physical abuse 11.7 8.1 9.4 9.8 9.7
Sexual abuse 4.5 2.9 3.8 5.4 5.6
Sex trafficking 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 1,339 1,426 1,537 1,570 1,459
Time to Investigation (in hours) 10
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Mean 83.0 56.6 37.8 46.0 46.0
Median >48 but <72 >24 but <48 <24 <24 <24

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total number 1,387 1,561 1,518 1,676 1,616 1,184 1,144 1,215 1,115 1,013 968 1,145 1,027 1,108 982 1,603 1,560 1,706 1,683 1,647
Median length of stay (months) 11.1 11.4 12.7 11.7 13.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.6 11.5 11.9 12.1 13.7 11.3 12.7 11.9 12.9 13.4
Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 6.1 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.8 15.3 15.3 15.0 15.7 16.4 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.4 3.4 6.7 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.3
1 year 10.2 8.5 9.1 9.2 7.9 7.8 9.3 9.2 7.4 7.0 6.8 8.7 6.7 6.6 7.1 8.7 9.4 9.2 7.7 8.5
2 years 8.0 8.8 8.0 8.8 8.2 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.0 7.7 9.1 9.5 9.3 8.4 7.4 8.8 8.4 8.8 8.5 7.2
3 years 6.3 8.8 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.9 6.7 6.2 6.7 6.6 7.0 9.1 7.8 8.6 8.8 8.8 7.1 7.9 8.2 7.5
4 years 8.8 5.4 7.2 6.4 7.4 5.9 6.6 7.2 7.4 7.3 8.2 7.5 7.5 6.9 8.4 5.4 7.4 6.5 7.5 7.8
5 years 6.4 7.2 5.3 6.3 6.4 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.2 4.9 6.6 6.6 5.8 5.6 6.7 7.2 5.3 6.4 6.2 6.2
6 years 4.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.0 6.2 5.8 6.2 6.8 5.8 5.9 6.6 5.9 6.9 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.6 6.1 5.3
7 years 4.8 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.0 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.1 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.0 6.0
8 years 4.6 5.0 4.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.9 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.2
9 years 5.6 4.5 4.8 3.5 4.3 5.2 5.0 3.9 4.4 5.6 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.5 4.6 4.7 3.5 4.2 5.3
10 years 3.4 4.7 4.7 4.5 3.8 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.9
11 years 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.8 5.0 4.7 3.9 3.1 4.1 4.7 4.3 5.1 3.5 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.6
12 years 4.3 3.8 5.0 4.6 4.5 2.6 2.9 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.1 5.3 4.2 4.8 3.9 4.9 4.6 4.4 3.8
13 years 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.0
14 years 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 5.4 3.7 3.3 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.0 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.4 5.4 4.4
15 years 5.1 4.2 5.4 4.0 4.4 3.5 3.2 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 1.7 4.0 2.4 3.0 4.1 5.3 3.9 4.3 5.3
16 years 3.7 4.5 4.9 4.5 4.6 3.4 2.4 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 1.5 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.5 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.6
17 years 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.1 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.4 2.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.2
18 years 0.3 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 5.0 5.6 6.9 6.8 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
19 years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
20+ years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 46.1 48.0 54.7 54.0 52.5 48.1 55.1 50.4 46.8 51.9 44.8 45.6 50.4 48.5 44.5 48.3 55.0 54.2 52.9 57.0
Asian <.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4
Black 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.7 2.5 4.6 3.7 3.8 5.4 2.3 4.9 3.6 5.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 1.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 8.6 8.4 5.3 6.4 5.3 8.4 6.1 5.6 5.7 6.7 8.7 10.3 4.9 7.4 7.1 8.4 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.1
White 28.4 24.9 22.4 23.2 23.9 26.3 24.0 26.2 27.6 23.5 30.4 27.2 24.1 26.5 29.9 25.6 22.6 24.0 23.9 20.0
Two or more races 13.0 15.7 14.6 13.2 15.0 13.2 11.7 12.8 15.1 13.5 10.5 14.1 15.3 12.8 12.4 14.6 14.0 12.8 14.7 15.6
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total waiting children 365 371 396 446 485
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated 313 345 358 404 439

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8
1 year 8.0 5.4 6.6 6.3 6.6
2 years 8.8 9.7 9.1 7.2 7.6
3 years 9.0 8.6 7.1 9.2 9.3
4 years 6.0 8.9 8.1 8.5 7.2
5 years 7.1 5.7 5.8 6.5 6.0
6 years 8.0 5.4 4.3 6.5 5.4
7 years 5.2 7.0 7.1 3.6 4.7
8 years 5.5 5.9 6.3 5.6 6.2
9 years 4.7 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.6
10 years 6.0 5.1 6.1 3.1 4.9
11 years 3.8 4.6 5.8 5.4 3.5
12 years 4.7 4.3 4.8 5.2 3.3
13 years 4.9 4.9 6.8 4.9 5.2
14 years 4.7 4.6 5.6 7.6 5.4
15 years 3.0 4.9 4.8 5.8 7.4
16 years 6.6 3.2 4.3 4.9 5.8
17 years 3.6 6.2 2.5 3.8 5.2

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 52.9 51.8 56.8 57.4 56.7
Asian 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4
Black 3.6 4.3 3.3 2.7 2.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 9.9 4.6 4.8 6.3 5.8
White 20.0 20.2 17.4 17.5 17.3
Two or more races 13.7 19.1 17.7 15.9 16.9
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children adopted 181 183 211 209 222
Age of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5
1 year 8.8 8.2 5.7 9.1 8.1
2 years 12.7 16.4 12.8 13.4 10.8
3 years 11.6 15.3 13.3 14.4 12.6
4 years 13.3 9.8 13.3 8.1 14.9
5 years 8.3 7.1 7.6 4.8 8.6
6 years 7.2 8.2 10.0 8.6 9.0
7 years 5.5 3.3 7.6 7.2 6.3
8 years 6.6 7.1 6.2 5.3 4.5
9 years 5.0 3.8 4.7 6.2 6.3
10 years 6.6 4.9 7.1 4.3 2.7
11 years 2.8 6.6 3.3 5.7 4.5
12 years 3.9 3.3 2.4 3.3 5.4
13 years 1.7 2.2 0.9 3.8 0.9
14 years 3.3 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.8
15 years 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 2.3
16 years 0.6 0.0 1.4 1.9 0.9
17 years 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0
18 years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
19 years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
20+ years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 40.3 42.6 46.4 52.6 51.4
Asian 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5
Black 6.1 2.2 2.8 2.4 4.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 10.5 10.4 4.3 4.3 7.7
White 34.3 29.0 28.0 22.5 21.2
Two or more races 8.8 15.3 18.5 18.2 15.3
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Dakota [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13
  2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Children without a recurrence 92.1 92.7 91.2 91.8 N/A
Children with one or more recurrences 7.9 7.3 8.8 8.2 N/A
Number 1,375 1,429 1,504 1,484 N/A

13 At the time of this analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2021.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children maltreated while in foster care 0.16 0.04 0.26 0.47 0.04
Children not maltreated while in foster care 99.84 99.96 99.74 99.53 99.96
Number 2,571 2,705 2,733 2,791 2,629

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 18.6 16.1 20.4 18.9 22.4
Guardianship 11.4 10.0 10.7 10.3 14.6
Reunification 54.3 56.9 52.3 54.6 50.5
Other 15.6 17.0 16.6 16.1 12.5
Missing data 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 0.0
Number 968 1,145 1,027 1,108 982
Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 23.5 21.2 DQ* DQ* 24.6
Guardianship 12.8 15.0 DQ* DQ* 12.0
Reunification 33.2 40.4 DQ* DQ* 32.9
Other 30.6 23.3 DQ* DQ* 30.5
Missing data 0.0 0.0 DQ* DQ* 0.0
Number 196 193 DQ* DQ* 167
Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 0.6 0.7 1.7 2.7 1.2
Guardianship 6.0 9.9 13.7 11.8 12.1
Reunification 59.0 50.3 51.4 42.8 47.3
Other 34.3 39.1 32.6 41.7 39.4
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.0
Number 166 151 175 187 165

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (Continued)

Exits to Emancipation (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children age 12 or younger at entry 39.1 15.8 27.4 15.6 21.7
Children older than 12 at entry 60.9 84.2 72.6 84.4 78.3
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 64 57 62 77 69
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Alaska Native / American Indian Asian Black (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 16.8 15.1 18.5 20.5 25.9 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 19.2 15.4 12.0 12.5 16.1
Guardianship 15.0 7.5 12.4 12.8 17.6 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 8.0 0.0 8.9
Reunification 47.2 52.3 46.1 46.4 39.6 100.0 40.0 100.0 90.9 50.0 69.2 73.1 80.0 70.0 62.5
Other 20.7 25.1 22.8 20.3 16.9 0.0 20.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 9.6 11.5 0.0 17.5 12.5
Missing data 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 434 522 518 537 437 1 5 3 11 2 52 26 50 40 56
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. Hispanic (of any race) White (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.6 16.9 18.0 11.0 24.3 21.1 16.7 23.8 16.0 15.6
Guardianship 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 11.0 22.0 9.8 4.3 11.6 12.9 7.7 9.2 15.3
Reunification 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 50.0 56.8 48.0 58.5 60.0 60.2 63.3 57.7 65.6 62.6
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.6 15.3 12.0 20.7 11.4 7.1 7.1 10.9 8.5 6.5
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0
Number 0 1 0 0 1 84 118 50 82 70 294 311 248 294 294
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 17.4 24.8 26.8 27.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guardianship 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 13.7 7.6 7.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reunification 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.7 56.5 55.4 52.8 49.2 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 12.4 12.1 13.4 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 0 1 0 0 0 102 161 157 142 122 1 0 1 2 0

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 70.3 70.4 75.0 71.7 71.0
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 24.5 25.7 20.1 23.8 22.6
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 4.6 2.6 3.7 2.3 6.0
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4
48 or more mos. 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 526 651 537 605 496
Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children entering care for the first time 77.0 76.2 74.4 75.6 74.9
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 6.3 7.7 9.4 9.1 10.9
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 16.7 16.1 15.9 15.2 14.1
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.3 <.1 <.1
Number 1,184 1,144 1,215 1,115 1,013

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 1.1 2.2 2.4 1.0 0.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 35.6 25.5 19.6 29.7 23.6
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 33.3 41.3 43.1 37.3 44.1
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 15.0 19.6 25.4 21.1 21.8
48 or more mos. 15.0 11.4 9.6 11.0 9.5
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 180 184 209 209 220

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
  In Care Less Than 12 Months In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months In Care for 24 Months or Longer Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children with 2 or fewer placements 83.0 85.6 81.6 82.8 83.1 67.8 61.6 59.5 59.3 61.5 31.8 34.1 34.0 34.9 31.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0
Children with 3 or more placements 17.0 14.4 18.4 17.2 16.9 32.2 38.4 40.5 40.7 38.5 68.2 65.9 66.0 65.1 68.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing Placement setting counts 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total number 1,334 1,317 1,377 1,335 1,184 689 787 652 765 694 547 599 699 691 742 1 2 5 0 9

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Group homes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Institution 9.7 6.8 7.8 6.5 4.7
Other settings 90.3 93.2 92.2 93.5 95.3
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 974 976 1,020 925 849