Minnesota

Minnesota [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children under 18 years 1,300,061 1,303,090 1,303,212 1,329,576 1,317,567
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Asian 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4
Black 9.6 10.0 10.3 10.5 10.6
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3
White 68.6 68.0 67.5 67.2 66.8
Two or more races 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3
Child population in poverty (%) 11.8 11.7 11.2 9.5 10.8
Child Welfare Summary 5
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Child maltreatment victims 8,709 7,785 6,780 6,647 5,544
Foster care entry rate 5.7 5.2 4.6 3.8 3.5
Children in foster care on 9/30 9,651 9,271 8,400 7,763 6,870
Children adopted 946 1,284 1,347 1,043 1,001
Caseworker Visits 6
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children receiving monthly visits (%) 79 80 82 83 85
Numerator 82,682 87,661 81,421 76,351 68,413
Denominator 104,700 108,899 99,236 91,959 80,825
Children receiving visits in the home (%) 87 87 87 87 89
Numerator 71,707 76,427 71,081 66,638 60,981
Denominator 82,682 87,661 81,421 76,351 68,413

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
  Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 40,697 31.3 per 1,000 39,581 30.4 per 1,000 38,690 29.7 per 1,000 36,274 27.3 per 1,000 32,919 25.0 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims 8,709 6.7 per 1,000 7,785 6.0 per 1,000 6,780 5.2 per 1,000 6,647 5.0 per 1,000 5,544 4.2 per 1,000
Child Fatalities 24 1.8 per 100,000 30 2.3 per 100,000 17 1.3 per 100,000 21 1.6 per 100,000 22 1.7 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 15.0 15.5 14.9 14.5 15.3
1 year 6.7 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.7
2 years 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.0
3 years 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.0
4 years 6.1 6.6 5.9 5.8 6.2
5 years 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.3 4.9
6 years 5.6 5.2 5.7 4.9 5.7
7 years 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 4.5
8 years 5.6 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.7
9 years 5.4 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8
10 years 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.1 5.0
11 years 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.3
12 years 4.1 4.4 5.1 5.3 5.3
13 years 4.2 4.1 4.2 5.5 5.2
14 years 4.0 4.1 3.8 4.6 4.4
15 years 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.2
16 years 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2
17 years 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5
18+ years <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
Number 8,709 7,785 6,780 6,647 5,544
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 9.2 8.8 7.4 7.3 9.6
Asian 2.7 4.0 3.1 2.6 2.8
Black 22.1 19.7 16.3 17.0 13.4
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 12.0 12.5 11.9 13.2 13.9
White 37.5 37.9 41.4 38.0 36.9
Two or more races 13.7 14.2 16.1 18.0 19.8
Missing data 2.7 2.9 3.8 4.0 3.5
Number 8,709 7,785 6,780 6,647 5,544
Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Emotional abuse 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.2
Medical neglect 0.2 -- -- -- --
Neglect 68.9 72.0 71.7 72.5 74.3
Physical abuse 31.6 20.6 15.0 14.1 11.3
Sexual abuse 17.9 20.9 23.7 24.9 26.4
Sex trafficking 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 8,709 7,785 6,780 6,647 5,544
Time to Investigation (in hours) 10
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Mean 104.2 78.3 71.4 83.8 88.5
Median >48 but <72 >24 but <48 >24 but <48 >24 but <48 >24 but<48

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total number 8,468 9,299 8,969 8,185 7,532 7,408 6,743 6,045 5,007 4,552 6,225 6,771 6,614 5,429 5,214 9,651 9,271 8,400 7,763 6,870
Median length of stay (months) 10.4 10.9 12.1 12.3 13.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.4 11.6 12.7 13.3 14.3 10.7 11.8 12.1 13.3 13.3
Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 7.3 7.2 6.7 6.9 6.3 15.4 15.9 15.0 15.9 15.6 5.1 4.7 3.8 4.5 4.0 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.3 6.9
1 year 8.3 7.6 8.5 7.8 7.2 6.2 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.8 7.2 7.8 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.6 8.4 7.9 7.2 7.1
2 years 6.8 7.4 6.7 7.6 7.2 6.2 5.8 6.5 5.6 5.4 7.5 7.0 7.4 7.6 7.4 7.2 6.8 7.6 7.3 6.6
3 years 6.2 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.6 5.9 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.4 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.6 6.3
4 years 5.7 6.0 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.5 5.6 6.0
5 years 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.5 4.5 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.5 6.0 5.4 5.4
6 years 4.9 5.1 5.6 4.7 5.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.4 4.7
7 years 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.6 5.0
8 years 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.7 4.8 4.8 3.9 4.5 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.3
9 years 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.3
10 years 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.2
11 years 3.9 4.0 4.7 4.4 4.8 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.3 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.2
12 years 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.2 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.5 4.9
13 years 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.9 6.0 5.4 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.4 5.1
14 years 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.3 6.1 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.9 5.7
15 years 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.2 6.1 6.7 6.4 6.5 5.4 5.7 5.0 5.5 5.8 4.4 5.4 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.5
16 years 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.7 6.5 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.7
17 years 6.1 5.2 5.9 6.2 5.9 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.1 6.3 5.1 4.6 5.5 4.3 5.3 5.9 6.3 5.8 5.8
18 years 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.6 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 7.5 6.1 6.5 7.3 6.6 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0
19 years 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6
20+ years 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 23.2 23.0 22.5 21.3 20.3 16.0 14.9 13.0 13.0 13.9 14.8 15.3 15.6 15.1 15.8 23.2 22.7 21.0 20.2 19.5
Asian 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.7
Black 14.0 15.1 15.1 14.9 14.3 16.7 16.2 14.9 13.1 12.1 15.4 15.9 14.8 13.9 14.1 15.1 15.3 15.1 14.5 13.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.2 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 9.0 9.5 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.3 10.7 9.8 10.6 10.5 10.0 10.0 9.8 11.0 10.2 9.4 10.0 10.2 10.0 10.3
White 37.0 35.5 34.4 33.2 33.2 40.4 40.0 41.7 41.2 39.1 43.3 40.9 41.7 39.7 38.0 35.5 34.8 33.9 33.8 33.5
Two or more races 14.0 13.9 14.8 17.7 20.0 12.1 13.6 16.7 18.9 20.9 12.7 13.8 14.2 17.0 19.6 13.4 13.8 16.7 18.9 20.9
Unknown 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.8 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total waiting children 1,990 2,026 1,951 1,869 1,818
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated 1,848 1,852 1,812 1,694 1,661

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 4.5 3.8 4.1 2.7 3.5
1 year 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.4 7.3
2 years 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 7.3
3 years 7.1 7.6 6.9 7.7 7.4
4 years 6.3 6.4 5.8 5.5 6.9
5 years 6.7 5.8 6.4 6.0 6.0
6 years 5.2 6.6 4.8 5.9 5.5
7 years 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.5 5.5
8 years 6.3 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.5
9 years 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.3
10 years 4.6 4.1 4.7 4.4 4.5
11 years 4.3 4.8 4.0 5.4 4.3
12 years 4.4 4.0 5.6 4.5 5.7
13 years 3.3 4.4 4.8 6.0 5.1
14 years 4.7 3.5 4.9 4.9 5.6
15 years 5.3 5.2 4.0 5.6 6.0
16 years 5.2 6.1 5.7 4.8 5.5
17 years 4.9 6.0 7.3 6.1 5.1

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 10.2 9.8 8.5 8.8 7.2
Asian 1.9 3.0 2.1 1.6 2.3
Black 20.1 21.4 21.8 22.1 19.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 12.2 11.4 13.1 12.0 11.1
White 38.3 37.0 34.7 33.7 35.5
Two or more races 16.7 16.5 18.5 21.5 24.1
Unknown 0.7 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.6
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children adopted 946 1,284 1,347 1,043 1,001
Age of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.0 1.4
1 year 14.9 12.7 11.7 11.7 11.8
2 years 15.0 11.4 14.1 13.5 14.1
3 years 7.4 9.3 8.6 10.7 10.8
4 years 7.9 8.6 9.4 7.5 7.5
5 years 5.8 6.1 6.9 6.2 5.5
6 years 8.4 7.2 8.3 7.2 8.2
7 years 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.5
8 years 6.3 6.9 5.8 5.5 5.4
9 years 5.6 6.1 4.7 3.1 4.5
10 years 4.2 5.1 4.0 3.8 5.2
11 years 3.6 3.4 3.6 4.5 4.3
12 years 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.5
13 years 2.5 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.1
14 years 2.0 2.6 2.2 3.2 2.8
15 years 1.6 2.1 2.0 3.0 1.8
16 years 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.5 2.6
17 years 1.7 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.1
18 years 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.0
19 years 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
20+ years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 8.6 7.6 7.1 6.2 7.4
Asian 1.3 1.8 3.0 2.3 1.9
Black 14.5 13.9 16.5 13.4 16.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.3 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 8.4 11.7 11.5 13.8 12.6
White 50.8 48.7 45.9 44.8 37.8
Two or more races 15.3 15.3 14.8 17.6 24.1
Unknown 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.7 0.3
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Minnesota [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13
  2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Children without a recurrence 90.1 92.8 93.6 93.3 N/A
Children with one or more recurrences 9.9 7.2 6.4 6.7 N/A
Number 8,625 7,753 7,003 6,301 N/A

13 At the time of this analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2021.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children maltreated while in foster care 0.81 0.70 0.37 0.53 0.55
Children not maltreated while in foster care 99.19 99.30 99.63 99.47 99.45
Number 15,876 16,042 15,014 13,192 12,084

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 15.3 19.0 20.7 19.4 19.3
Guardianship 8.4 10.9 12.5 11.6 14.6
Reunification 67.1 61.6 58.3 59.8 57.3
Other 9.2 8.5 8.6 9.2 8.8
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 6,225 6,771 6,614 5,429 5,214
Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 23.5 30.6 29.5 25.9 DQ*
Guardianship 6.2 6.3 6.8 6.3 DQ*
Reunification 52.1 47.1 46.1 50.0 DQ*
Other 18.2 16.0 17.6 17.9 DQ*
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 DQ*
Number 1,767 1,769 1,905 1,823 DQ*
Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 1.9 3.0 3.3 3.8 3.0
Guardianship 5.1 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.5
Reunification 68.0 65.3 63.1 61.7 60.8
Other 25.0 25.9 27.4 27.8 28.7
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 1,853 1,761 1,734 1,484 1,283
Exits to Emancipation (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children age 12 or younger at entry 18.6 14.3 13.4 14.8 16.2
Children older than 12 at entry 81.4 85.7 86.6 85.2 83.8
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 451 427 440 406 365
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Alaska Native / American Indian Asian Black (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 8.9 9.5 9.7 9.0 9.1 10.4 14.6 30.4 31.2 33.9 14.4 16.7 22.7 18.6 21.8
Guardianship 16.0 23.3 23.1 21.7 32.5 1.7 3.8 3.7 10.4 16.1 4.2 5.3 6.6 7.7 12.2
Reunification 65.2 57.3 58.9 60.8 49.5 80.0 75.3 57.8 51.9 41.1 69.5 67.3 59.9 60.1 55.2
Other 9.9 10.0 8.3 8.4 8.9 7.8 6.3 8.1 6.5 8.9 12.0 10.7 10.8 13.6 10.7
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 919 1,035 1,035 819 822 115 158 135 77 56 961 1,077 979 752 735
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. Hispanic (of any race) White (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 25.0 0.0 14.3 100.0 0.0 13.0 22.2 23.8 24.1 24.0 17.8 22.7 22.8 21.5 19.3
Guardianship 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 6.1 6.9 9.7 13.7 12.1 8.0 9.8 11.8 8.6 10.4
Reunification 58.3 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 72.1 62.9 59.4 51.9 55.7 65.6 60.5 57.1 61.0 61.1
Other 16.7 80.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 8.8 8.0 7.1 10.2 8.3 8.6 7.1 8.3 8.9 9.1
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 12 5 7 1 1 624 677 651 597 530 2,697 2,768 2,759 2,158 1,982
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 7.4 11.1 13.4 18.0 4.6 18.4 20.9 21.7 20.2 23.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guardianship 1.9 2.6 9.8 3.0 7.7 10.4 12.0 12.4 12.2 11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reunification 87.0 80.3 75.9 75.0 81.5 63.1 57.8 56.6 60.1 57.8 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Other 3.7 6.0 0.9 4.0 6.2 8.1 9.2 9.3 7.5 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 108 117 112 100 65 789 932 936 924 1,023 0 2 0 1 0

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 74.4 74.3 71.1 68.6 68.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 20.8 21.1 22.3 23.5 23.6
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 3.3 3.2 4.4 4.3 4.1
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.8
48 or more mos. 0.5 0.7 1.4 2.4 1.5
Missing data 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 4,177 4,172 3,855 3,248 2,986
Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children entering care for the first time 72.5 71.9 70.4 70.5 68.7
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 13.3 13.7 14.6 13.0 13.5
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 13.7 13.9 14.6 16.3 17.6
Missing data 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2
Number 7,408 6,743 6,045 5,007 4,552

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 4.7 5.6 6.1 5.5 2.4
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 48.3 40.1 41.2 37.8 33.2
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 32.9 37.8 34.6 33.4 31.3
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 8.0 10.9 11.1 12.4 17.7
48 or more mos. 6.0 5.6 7.0 10.9 15.4
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 950 1,286 1,366 1,052 1,008

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
  In Care Less Than 12 Months In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months In Care for 24 Months or Longer Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children with 2 or fewer placements 87.7 88.3 88.2 87.8 88.6 65.8 67.6 70.4 69.5 71.8 37.3 38.7 38.2 39.9 40.3 100.0 90.0 96.9 100.0 100.0
Children with 3 or more placements 12.1 11.3 11.5 11.8 11.3 34.2 32.4 29.6 30.5 28.2 62.7 61.3 61.8 60.1 59.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing Placement setting counts 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 3.1 0.0 0.0
Total number 8,675 8,168 7,325 6,013 5,478 4,218 4,412 4,104 3,710 3,225 2,970 3,452 3,553 3,453 3,357 13 10 32 16 24

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Group homes 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.3
Institution 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.8 4.5
Other settings 94.9 95.4 94.6 94.3 94.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.1 0.2
Number 5,356 4,846 4,354 3,573 3,312