Michigan

Michigan [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children under 18 years 2,181,394 2,163,590 2,144,307 2,178,387 2,153,379
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Asian 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5
Black 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8
White 66.9 66.6 66.3 66.1 65.9
Two or more races 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1
Child population in poverty (%) 19.7 19.4 17.6 17.0 17.8
Child Welfare Summary 5
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Child maltreatment victims 38,062 37,703 33,043 26,932 24,515
Foster care entry rate 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.0 1.8
Children in foster care on 9/30 11,918 12,121 11,676 10,661 9,529
Children adopted 1,970 1,991 2,161 1,851 1,689
Caseworker Visits 6
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children receiving monthly visits (%) 96 97 97 97 96
Numerator 135,062 137,047 134,819 125,415 108,973
Denominator 140,103 140,754 138,461 128,930 113,888
Children receiving visits in the home (%) 98 98 98 81 98
Numerator 132,421 134,743 132,656 101,094 107,030
Denominator 135,062 137,047 134,819 125,415 108,973

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
  Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 150,927 69.2 per 1,000 158,673 73.3 per 1,000 161,058 75.1 per 1,000 129,271 59.3 per 1,000 127,759 59.3 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims 38,062 17.4 per 1,000 37,703 17.4 per 1,000 33,043 15.4 per 1,000 26,932 12.4 per 1,000 24,515 11.4 per 1,000
Child Fatalities 51 2.3 per 100,000 49 2.3 per 100,000 63 2.9 per 100,000 43 2.0 per 100,000 35 1.6 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 21.5 20.0 12.6 12.7 12.1
1 year 6.7 6.3 7.3 7.4 7.3
2 years 6.2 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7
3 years 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.6
4 years 5.5 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.3
5 years 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.9
6 years 5.3 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.8
7 years 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.2
8 years 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.3
9 years 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7 5.0
10 years 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.6
11 years 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6
12 years 3.9 4.1 4.7 4.4 4.9
13 years 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.7
14 years 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.7
15 years 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3
16 years 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
17 years 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1
18+ years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.3 0.2 0.2 <.1 0.1
Number 38,062 37,703 33,043 26,932 24,515
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4
Asian 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
Black 27.4 26.4 26.3 27.7 29.4
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.4 8.0
White 53.9 55.0 55.9 54.8 52.2
Two or more races 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.3 9.4
Missing data 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Number 38,062 37,703 33,043 26,932 24,515
Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Emotional abuse 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
Medical neglect 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.1
Neglect 85.2 85.8 94.1 92.3 90.7
Physical abuse 25.2 24.1 15.7 15.2 15.1
Sexual abuse 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.6
Sex trafficking 0.0 0.1 <.1 0.1 0.1
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0
Number 38,062 37,703 33,043 26,932 24,515
Time to Investigation (in hours) 10
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Mean 32.2 33.7 40.4 39.1 38.0
Median <24 <24 <24 <24 <24

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total number 11,376 11,897 12,075 11,635 10,637 6,854 6,208 5,770 4,386 3,837 6,312 5,984 6,169 5,360 4,945 11,918 12,121 11,676 10,661 9,529
Median length of stay (months) 12.8 12.5 13.7 14.5 16.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18.2 19.2 20.3 21.5 24.1 12.2 13.5 14.4 16.6 18.0
Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 8.2 7.7 7.2 6.9 6.5 19.9 21.0 20.9 22.3 23.2 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.3 1.9 7.8 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.5
1 year 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.1 8.8 7.2 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.1 8.9 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.0 9.5 9.7 9.1 8.9 9.2
2 years 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.5 8.3 7.3 6.8 6.8 5.8 6.2 9.0 9.1 9.4 8.9 7.7 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.4
3 years 7.1 7.2 7.3 6.9 7.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.8 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.6 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.3
4 years 6.4 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.1 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.0 6.7 6.3 6.9 7.2 6.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.2 6.5
5 years 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.3 4.8 5.2 4.4 4.7 6.2 5.4 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.6
6 years 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.1 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.1
7 years 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8
8 years 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.5 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.6
9 years 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.0 4.2
10 years 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.8
11 years 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.4 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.4 3.8 4.0
12 years 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.9 3.2 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.6
13 years 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.8 4.3
14 years 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.8 4.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3
15 years 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.5 3.0 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.6
16 years 4.9 5.4 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.2 2.8 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 5.4 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.6
17 years 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.7 5.6 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.0 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4
18 years 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.9 10.8 11.3 10.2 9.6 11.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.6
19 years 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.1
20+ years 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.4 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.5
Missing data <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
  In Foster Care on 10/1 FY Entered Foster Care in FY Exited Foster Care in FY In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
Asian 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3
Black 28.7 29.9 29.3 28.9 29.1 29.1 25.4 27.2 26.9 25.5 26.5 26.8 28.2 26.6 26.3 30.0 29.1 28.8 29.2 29.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Hispanic (of any race) 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.6 8.2 8.9 8.4 8.2 8.8 9.5 8.6 8.7 9.2 7.8 9.7 8.0 7.8 7.5 8.0 7.9
White 49.7 48.3 48.8 49.4 48.5 48.5 52.3 51.0 50.0 50.6 50.8 50.9 49.1 51.3 50.8 48.4 49.1 49.7 48.6 48.2
Two or more races 12.9 13.0 13.2 13.3 13.3 12.5 13.0 12.6 13.3 13.2 12.8 12.4 12.8 13.2 12.2 12.7 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.9
Unknown <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1
Missing data <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total waiting children 3,646 3,898 3,821 3,660 3,321
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated 3,220 3,389 3,374 2,880 2,890

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.1
1 year 10.2 9.8 8.6 8.6 8.1
2 years 8.5 10.2 9.2 9.2 8.9
3 years 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.1
4 years 6.7 6.8 7.7 6.7 6.8
5 years 6.5 6.4 5.5 5.9 5.8
6 years 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.1 5.8
7 years 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.6 5.3
8 years 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.9 4.9
9 years 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7
10 years 4.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.8
11 years 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.8
12 years 4.6 4.2 4.2 5.2 4.8
13 years 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.6 5.7
14 years 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.0 4.9
15 years 5.1 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.5
16 years 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.3
17 years 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.5

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
Asian <.1 <.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Black 28.5 29.6 28.7 27.3 26.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.9 7.3
White 50.6 48.8 49.3 49.9 50.6
Two or more races 12.7 13.3 14.0 14.4 14.6
Unknown <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1
Missing data 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total children adopted 1,970 1,991 2,161 1,851 1,689
Age of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Under 1 year 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.1 0.7
1 year 12.2 12.8 9.8 9.7 9.2
2 years 15.3 13.4 15.7 14.0 12.0
3 years 12.4 11.2 11.8 10.8 13.2
4 years 9.2 8.7 9.4 10.4 9.4
5 years 7.3 7.9 8.0 7.5 7.4
6 years 7.1 7.6 6.9 6.7 5.7
7 years 5.3 5.1 5.5 6.3 6.6
8 years 4.9 6.1 5.3 6.4 6.3
9 years 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.9
10 years 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.6
11 years 3.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 3.9
12 years 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3
13 years 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.4
14 years 1.7 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.8
15 years 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 2.1
16 years 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.3 2.4
17 years 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.7
18 years 0.4 0.3 <.1 0.2 0.4
19 years 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0
20+ years 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Alaska Native / American Indian 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1
Asian 0.2 0.1 <.1 0.0 <.1
Black 20.6 20.5 23.6 20.1 22.6
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic (of any race) 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.9
White 54.6 57.8 54.3 56.1 54.6
Two or more races 16.3 13.4 14.0 15.7 14.7
Unknown 0.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Michigan [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13
  2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Children without a recurrence 88.7 89.2 88.7 89.6 N/A
Children with one or more recurrences 11.3 10.8 11.3 10.4 N/A
Number 38,121 37,285 32,672 26,110 N/A

13 At the time of this analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2021.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children maltreated while in foster care 0.88 0.71 0.88 0.43 0.49
Children not maltreated while in foster care 99.12 99.29 99.12 99.57 99.51
Number 18,230 18,105 17,845 16,021 14,474

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 30.7 33.4 35.2 34.8 34.4
Guardianship 5.7 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.7
Reunification 49.4 46.6 46.2 47.7 44.0
Other 11.8 12.8 11.4 11.0 13.7
Missing data 2.4 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.2
Number 6,312 5,984 6,169 5,360 4,945
Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 86.4 85.5 67.7 53.2 53.4
Guardianship 0.5 1.0 3.7 6.7 6.6
Reunification 7.0 7.6 19.9 30.0 23.1
Other 5.1 5.1 8.0 9.6 15.7
Missing data 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.2
Number 602 722 870 898 753
Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 2.9 4.5 5.5 4.7 5.9
Guardianship 6.1 6.0 8.5 7.8 6.1
Reunification 43.0 41.2 40.7 40.8 35.8
Other 45.5 47.2 44.4 46.3 51.0
Missing data 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.1
Number 1,287 1,368 1,278 1,094 1,131

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (Continued)

Exits to Emancipation (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children age 12 or younger at entry 17.0 13.3 16.0 11.2 12.6
Children older than 12 at entry 83.0 86.7 84.0 88.8 87.4
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 690 706 638 556 643
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Alaska Native / American Indian Asian Black (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 4.4 15.0 38.5 23.1 12.5 11.1 3.0 12.5 0.0 4.8 24.1 25.8 29.6 26.3 29.4
Guardianship 22.2 25.0 15.4 15.4 25.0 3.7 6.1 0.0 0.0 14.3 5.0 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.2
Reunification 48.9 40.0 30.8 61.5 54.2 33.3 24.2 25.0 28.0 14.3 49.7 49.8 50.5 52.1 46.4
Other 15.6 17.5 11.5 0.0 8.3 51.9 66.7 62.5 72.0 66.7 18.9 19.2 15.2 16.3 19.4
Missing data 8.9 2.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.6
Number 45 40 26 26 24 27 33 16 25 21 1,673 1,601 1,741 1,424 1,303
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. Hispanic (of any race) White (non-Hispanic)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.9 30.3 29.2 34.1 28.3 33.2 37.9 39.0 38.1 37.2
Guardianship 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 4.8 4.9 3.8 7.7 6.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.4
Reunification 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.3 41.7 44.3 43.2 39.8 51.4 45.9 44.8 47.1 44.3
Other 50.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 20.6 22.8 20.7 18.9 22.5 6.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 9.5
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.0 1.7 2.4 1.2 1.7 0.4 1.6
Number 2 0 0 3 0 543 521 566 417 480 3,206 3,046 3,029 2,752 2,510
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
  Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Adoption 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.2 35.9 38.1 41.2 40.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Guardianship 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 6.5 6.1 6.8 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reunification 28.6 0.0 0.0 25.0 75.0 43.3 47.2 44.9 44.6 41.1 0.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 0.0
Other 42.9 100.0 100.0 75.0 25.0 8.4 9.3 9.7 7.1 10.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0
Number 7 1 2 4 4 808 740 787 708 603 1 2 2 1 0

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 44.9 46.2 40.3 35.0 25.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 41.6 39.4 43.7 43.7 44.4
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 9.1 10.6 11.1 15.1 18.3
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 2.4 1.9 2.9 4.1 7.1
48 or more mos. 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 4.6
Missing data <.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0
Number 3,121 2,789 2,853 2,557 2,174
Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children entering care for the first time 82.6 82.5 82.6 78.8 83.0
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 5.9 6.1 6.0 8.2 5.1
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 11.5 11.4 11.4 13.0 12.0
Missing data 0.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0
Number 6,854 6,208 5,770 4,386 3,837

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Less than 12 mos. 4.4 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 31.7 33.6 30.0 28.0 22.3
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 38.1 37.9 37.9 40.3 38.6
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 18.8 16.6 18.0 19.7 22.9
48 or more mos. 7.0 8.4 10.6 9.2 13.7
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Number 1,939 1,998 2,172 1,864 1,702

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
  In Care Less Than 12 Months In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months In Care for 24 Months or Longer Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Children with 2 or fewer placements 87.2 86.1 87.7 89.2 89.4 73.7 71.8 72.5 75.5 78.7 46.6 47.4 48.2 49.4 52.8 100.0 100.0 96.9 100.0 100.0
Children with 3 or more placements 12.6 13.8 12.2 10.6 10.3 26.3 28.1 27.5 24.5 21.3 53.4 52.6 51.8 50.6 47.2 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0
Missing Placement setting counts 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total number 7,758 7,078 6,495 5,020 4,265 5,575 5,888 5,669 5,186 4,314 4,891 5,134 5,649 5,796 5,886 6 5 32 19 9

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
  2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Group homes 0.2 0.3 0.1 <.1 0.0
Institution 2.2 2.1 1.8 0.7 0.7
Other settings 97.6 97.5 98.1 99.2 99.3
Missing data 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.0
Number 5,400 4,886 4,558 3,325 2,998