Texas

Texas [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children under 18 years	7,382,686	7,406,777	7,404,862	7,401,483	7,456,338
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.9
Black	11.9	12.0	12.2	12.3	12.6
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	49.1	49.2	49.2	49.1	49.0
White	31.4	31.1	30.8	30.6	30.3
Two or more races	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.9
Child population in poverty (%)	21.1	19.2	19.0	19.2	19.2

Child Welfare Summary 5

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Child maltreatment victims	63,271	64,093	65,116	65,253	54,207
Foster care entry rate	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.0	1.3
Children in foster care on 9/30	32,862	31,355	29,916	28,037	21,358
Children adopted	5,748	6,105	5,249	4,647	4,361

Caseworker Visits 6

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children receiving monthly visits (%)	98.5	98.6	98.7	98.5	98.7
Numerator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	362,204	355,643	337,878	332,345	269,694
Denominator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	367,606	360,788	342,314	337,410	273,196
Children receiving visits in the home (%)	89.0	89.2	91.3	91.9	91.5
Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	322,480	317,064	308,415	305,571	246,856
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	362,204	355,643	337,878	332,345	269,694

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8

Category	Number					Rate
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	281,562	278,004	263,493	278,119	289,231	38.1 per 1,000	37.5 per 1,000	35.6 per 1,000	37.6 per 1,000	38.8 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims	63,271	64,093	65,116	65,253	54,207	8.6 per 1,000	8.7 per 1,000	8.8 per 1,000	8.8 per 1,000	7.3 per 1,000
Child Fatalities	200	229	255	206	176	2.7 per 100,000	3.1 per 100,000	3.4 per 100,000	2.8 per 100,000	2.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	18.0	18.1	18.7	18.6	18.6
1 year	8.6	8.5	8.9	8.3	8.0
2 years	8.1	8.1	8.1	7.5	7.4
3 years	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.1	7.2
4 years	7.1	7.2	7.1	6.6	6.6
5 years	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.6	6.4
6 years	5.4	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.1
7 years	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.9	4.8
8 years	4.8	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.3
9 years	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.0
10 years	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.9
11 years	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.8
12 years	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.9	4.0
13 years	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.9	4.0
14 years	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.8
15 years	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.3
16 years	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.8	2.8
17 years	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.7
18+ years	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Missing age data	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
Number	63,271	64,093	65,116	65,253	54,207

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	<.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.1
Asian	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7
Black	20.3	20.2	20.7	21.4	21.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	44.1	45.2	45.8	46.0	46.9
White	29.3	28.3	27.2	26.1	25.5
Two or more races	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.8
Missing race data	2.2	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
Number	63,271	64,093	65,116	65,253	54,207

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Emotional abuse	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6
Medical neglect	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.6
Neglect	86.2	86.1	87.6	86.1	83.3
Physical abuse	13.1	12.3	11.5	10.9	12.0
Sexual abuse	10.4	10.9	10.2	11.7	13.3
Sex trafficking	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Missing data	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0
Other	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Number	63,271	64,093	65,116	65,253	54,207

Time to Investigation (in hours) 10

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Mean	49.4	47.8	54.4	45.1	49.6
Median	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total number	31,926	32,698	31,169	29,854	27,938	20,296	18,257	16,259	15,008	9,486	19,361	19,603	17,513	16,825	16,067	32,862	31,355	29,916	28,037	21,358
Median length of stay (months)	10.7	10.8	11.4	12.1	12.5	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	15.6	16.1	16.8	17.4	17.6	10.8	11.4	12.2	12.5	15.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	8.5	8.7	8.2	8.3	9.2	21.1	21.4	22.6	25.0	28.9	3.2	3.0	2.4	2.4	2.6	8.6	8.1	8.3	9.2	9.4
1 year	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.7	10.6	9.3	8.9	9.2	8.2	9.1	11.8	11.8	11.2	11.1	12.2	10.5	10.6	10.7	10.6	11.3
2 years	8.6	8.7	8.4	8.6	8.1	8.2	7.9	7.5	7.2	7.7	10.9	11.5	11.1	11.5	11.7	8.6	8.5	8.6	8.1	8.2
3 years	7.2	7.4	7.3	7.0	7.2	6.9	6.9	7.0	6.9	7.3	8.6	8.6	8.8	8.4	8.3	7.4	7.3	7.0	7.1	6.6
4 years	6.4	6.6	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.4	6.1	6.1	5.8	7.3	7.8	7.4	7.3	7.6	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.1
5 years	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.4	6.7	6.4	6.8	6.4	6.6	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.6
6 years	5.4	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.0	4.7	4.9	6.0	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.2	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.0
7 years	5.1	4.9	4.8	5.1	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.8	4.5	5.4	5.3	5.0	5.6	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.8	5.0
8 years	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.9	4.7	4.8	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.7	4.2
9 years	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.3	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.2
10 years	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.1	4.2	4.3	4.1	3.7	3.7	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.1	3.6
11 years	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.4	2.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.6	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0
12 years	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.2	2.8	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1
13 years	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1
14 years	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.4	2.3	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1
15 years	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.4	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.0	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.8	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.4
16 years	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.4	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.0	2.6	2.5	2.7	3.0	2.7	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.7
17 years	4.0	4.0	4.4	4.4	4.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.7	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.3	4.0	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4
18 years	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	<.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.6	5.6	6.7	6.6	6.1	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
19 years	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
20 years	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	<.1	0.1	<.1	0.2	<.1	0.2
21+; Missing Data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.2	<.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	<.1
Asian	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Black	21.0	22.5	22.6	22.5	21.4	21.3	19.5	19.9	18.6	20.9	19.2	19.8	20.4	20.9	20.4	22.3	22.4	22.4	21.4	21.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	0.2	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Hispanic (of any race)	42.5	41.9	41.4	41.9	43.6	40.6	41.5	42.6	43.1	40.8	42.5	43.0	42.3	40.9	42.4	41.2	41.0	41.5	43.1	43.3
White	29.9	29.0	29.3	29.0	28.7	31.4	31.9	31.1	31.8	30.9	31.8	30.5	30.6	31.2	30.4	29.7	29.7	29.5	29.2	28.3
Two or more races	4.8	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.0	4.6	5.2	4.8	4.8	5.5	4.6	4.9	5.2	5.6	5.4	4.8	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.9
Unknown	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.7	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.9
Missing race data	<.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total waiting children	13,777	12,901	12,290	11,637	10,232
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	8,895	8,581	7,729	7,470	7,198

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	5.5	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.5
1 year	11.8	11.9	11.7	11.9	12.4
2 years	8.9	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.4
3 years	7.4	6.8	6.6	6.8	5.9
4 years	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.0	5.7
5 years	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.2
6 years	5.1	5.2	4.7	5.1	4.8
7 years	4.9	4.9	5.2	4.6	5.1
8 years	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.8	4.4
9 years	5.0	4.8	4.6	3.9	4.7
10 years	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.0
11 years	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.7
12 years	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.8
13 years	4.4	4.7	5.2	5.0	5.1
14 years	4.7	4.8	5.1	5.2	5.4
15 years	4.8	5.2	5.0	5.7	5.6
16 years	4.6	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.7
17 years	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.5

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.1	<.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Black	21.9	22.3	21.9	20.7	20.3
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	42.4	42.8	42.1	43.8	44.2
White	29.2	28.0	29.6	29.0	29.4
Two or more races	4.6	5.4	5.0	5.0	4.6
Unknown	1.4	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.7
Missing race data	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	0.1

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children adopted	5,748	6,105	5,249	4,647	4,361

Age of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.8
1 year	15.8	15.9	15.0	15.6	17.0
2 years	16.1	16.6	16.8	17.5	18.8
3 years	10.5	10.4	10.6	11.2	10.0
4 years	8.6	8.8	8.0	7.7	8.7
5 years	7.5	6.6	7.6	6.1	7.1
6 years	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.7	5.8
7 years	5.6	5.7	5.0	5.9	4.4
8 years	4.3	4.4	4.9	5.3	4.9
9 years	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.0	3.7
10 years	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.1
11 years	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.2	3.1
12 years	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.7	3.0
13 years	2.3	2.7	2.7	3.1	2.5
14 years	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.3
15 years	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.6
16 years	1.6	1.5	1.7	2.0	1.4
17 years	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5
18 years	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
19 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
20 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.2
Asian	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	18.1	18.0	18.7	18.4	17.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	44.9	44.3	44.2	43.5	44.9
White	30.0	30.6	29.9	30.5	30.7
Two or more races	5.5	5.5	5.8	6.1	6.0
Unknown	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.5
Missing race data	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	<.1

Texas [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13

Year	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023
Children without a recurrence	94.5	94.5	93.9	95.0	N/A
Children with one or more recurrences	5.5	5.5	6.1	5.0	N/A
Number	64,031	63,867	65,287	63,453	N/A

13 At the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2022.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children maltreated while in foster care	0.23	0.24	0.44	0.84	0.41
Children not maltreated while in foster care	99.77	99.76	99.56	99.16	99.59
Number	52,222	50,955	47,429	44,862	37,425

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	29.6	31.1	29.9	27.5	27.6
Guardianship	25.5	23.1	23.3	25.0	25.0
Reunification	38.4	39.3	39.3	39.8	40.4
Other	6.4	6.5	7.5	7.7	7.1
Missing data	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0
Number	19,361	19,603	17,513	16,825	16,067

Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	38.6	38.2	37.5	36.8	35.9
Guardianship	15.8	14.8	14.6	16.3	17.1
Reunification	24.9	27.6	24.3	25.9	25.6
Other	20.7	19.3	23.6	20.9	21.4
Missing data	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	2,665	2,999	2,682	2,726	2,563

Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	7.5	7.9	6.8	7.3	6.8
Guardianship	19.8	19.1	19.0	20.2	21.5
Reunification	36.0	36.0	33.6	33.2	32.4
Other	36.5	36.6	40.6	39.2	39.2
Missing data	0.4	0.4	0.0	<.1	0.0
Number	2,509	2,511	2,495	2,506	2,085

Exits to Emancipation (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry	24.5	24.6	21.0	22.2	24.4
Children older than 12 at entry	75.5	75.4	79.0	77.8	75.6
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,147	1,162	1,229	1,187	1,041

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Alaska Native / American Indian					Asian					Black (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	53.3	46.2	21.4	35.3	24.1	20.5	20.0	22.9	21.9	19.6	27.9	28.3	27.6	24.3	23.5
Guardianship	13.3	7.7	14.3	0.0	10.3	22.7	9.1	10.4	12.5	26.1	29.6	25.8	26.8	29.1	29.8
Reunification	20.0	15.4	28.6	58.8	62.1	50.0	61.8	54.2	46.9	39.1	34.6	38.2	36.7	37.1	38.3
Other	13.3	30.8	35.7	5.9	3.4	6.8	9.1	12.5	18.8	15.2	7.8	7.6	8.9	9.5	8.4
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0
Number	15	13	14	17	29	44	55	48	32	46	3,714	3,891	3,564	3,513	3,275

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Hispanic (of any race)					Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.					White (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	31.2	32.0	31.2	29.3	29.3	66.7	42.9	0.0	31.8	45.5	27.9	31.2	29.3	27.0	28.0
Guardianship	23.6	21.6	22.2	24.2	24.5	22.2	28.6	28.6	0.0	27.3	25.2	23.3	23.0	23.6	22.9
Reunification	39.0	40.2	40.2	39.0	39.3	0.0	21.4	57.1	54.5	27.3	40.7	39.0	39.3	42.0	42.6
Other	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.5	6.8	11.1	7.1	14.3	13.6	0.0	6.2	6.5	8.4	7.4	6.5
Missing data	<.1	0.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	8,234	8,424	7,412	6,882	6,805	9	14	7	22	22	6,161	5,985	5,360	5,250	4,886

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Two or More Races					Unable to Determine					Missing Data
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	34.7	34.5	32.0	29.1	29.6	22.1	26.6	30.3	30.4	15.8	0.0	11.1	0.0	20.0	33.3
Guardianship	26.9	23.3	22.1	24.5	22.4	29.5	29.0	19.0	25.3	24.1	20.0	11.1	12.5	20.0	0.0
Reunification	32.1	36.2	39.2	42.0	41.8	45.2	41.1	46.7	38.6	53.4	0.0	22.2	25.0	20.0	0.0
Other	6.2	5.9	6.6	4.4	6.1	3.2	3.2	4.1	5.7	6.8	80.0	55.6	62.5	40.0	66.7
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	898	964	905	946	865	281	248	195	158	133	5	9	8	5	6

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	52.4	48.7	45.7	40.6	36.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	43.4	46.8	49.4	52.4	55.4
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	2.5	2.4	3.1	4.8	5.2
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	0.6	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.4
48 or more mos.	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.1
Missing data	0.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.0
Number	7,444	7,702	6,875	6,694	6,485

Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children entering care for the first time	88.4	87.3	86.8	87.6	87.5
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	3.4	3.6	3.9	3.3	3.6
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	7.4	8.4	8.9	8.8	8.8
Missing data	0.9	0.7	0.4	0.2	<.1
Number	20,296	18,257	16,259	15,008	9,486

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	2.8	2.7	2.5	1.6	1.7
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	53.7	52.6	49.9	44.4	43.6
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	30.3	31.1	33.9	37.2	36.6
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	7.3	7.9	7.8	9.6	10.8
48 or more mos.	5.9	5.7	6.0	7.2	7.3
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	5,725	6,090	5,235	4,631	4,436

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)

Category	In Care Less Than 12 Months					In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months					In Care for 24 Months or Longer					Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements	83.0	82.7	84.2	81.1	81.5	56.0	56.2	55.6	56.3	56.3	23.2	21.7	21.7	21.3	22.6	87.5	100.0	100.0	85.7	100.0
Children with 3 or more placements	17.0	17.3	15.8	18.9	18.5	44.0	43.8	44.4	43.7	43.7	76.8	78.3	78.3	78.7	77.4	12.5	0.0	0.0	14.3	0.0
Missing Placement setting counts	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total number	24,714	22,606	19,843	17,847	12,361	17,109	17,711	16,645	15,695	14,203	10,375	10,617	10,931	11,313	10,856	24	21	10	7	5

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Group homes	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Institution	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.2	5.2
Other settings	94.8	94.7	95.1	95.3	94.3
Missing data	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.5
Number	17,487	15,567	13,802	12,834	8,474