North Dakota

North Dakota [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children under 18 years	178,524	180,584	184,438	183,162	182,775
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian	7.7	7.6	7.1	7.0	6.9
Asian	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8
Black	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.8
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic (of any race)	6.7	6.9	7.2	7.4	7.7
White	75.5	75.0	75.2	74.5	73.9
Two or more races	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.8
Child population in poverty (%)	9.9	10.2	12.0	12.7	12.7

Child Welfare Summary 5

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Child maltreatment victims	2,097	1,797	1,614	1,349	1,132
Foster care entry rate	6.5	5.4	5.4	5.1	4.9
Children in foster care on 9/30	1,643	1,550	1,651	1,595	1,547
Children adopted	172	197	197	229	225

Caseworker Visits 6

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children receiving monthly visits (%)	89.3	94.6	87.5	90.8	86.5
Numerator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	15,954	16,518	15,558	15,884	14,642
Denominator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	17,863	17,470	17,785	17,494	16,929
Children receiving visits in the home (%)	78.0	79.4	79.1	82.5	80.2
Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	12,450	13,111	12,309	13,099	11,741
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	15,954	16,518	15,558	15,884	14,642

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8

Category	Number					Rate
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	7,295	6,597	5,570	4,598	4,764	40.9 per 1,000	36.5 per 1,000	30.2 per 1,000	25.1 per 1,000	26.1 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims	2,097	1,797	1,614	1,349	1,132	11.7 per 1,000	10.0 per 1,000	8.8 per 1,000	7.4 per 1,000	6.2 per 1,000
Child Fatalities	8	6	5	4	6	4.5 per 100,000	3.3 per 100,000	2.7 per 100,000	2.2 per 100,000	3.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	12.3	12.1	14.0	15.7	19.7
1 year	8.1	6.9	7.7	7.1	6.7
2 years	7.3	7.5	6.6	6.1	6.6
3 years	6.7	6.5	5.8	7.0	7.0
4 years	6.2	7.2	6.0	6.4	6.1
5 years	6.3	5.7	5.0	5.9	5.9
6 years	5.3	6.3	6.4	5.9	6.3
7 years	6.0	6.2	6.3	5.9	5.7
8 years	5.7	5.2	4.7	5.8	5.1
9 years	5.0	5.3	5.1	3.5	3.6
10 years	5.5	5.3	4.5	4.4	3.8
11 years	4.5	5.3	4.9	3.4	3.7
12 years	4.1	4.6	4.6	3.7	4.2
13 years	4.1	4.6	4.6	5.6	3.6
14 years	3.6	3.7	4.6	4.6	4.4
15 years	4.2	3.1	4.2	3.5	2.4
16 years	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.4
17 years	1.5	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.3
18+ years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing age data	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.6	1.3
Number	2,097	1,797	1,614	1,349	1,132

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	19.0	20.8	20.6	20.9	23.7
Asian	0.3	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.3
Black	8.7	7.5	6.4	9.4	8.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.4
Hispanic (of any race)	6.7	5.0	7.1	4.7	5.7
White	53.3	52.9	50.2	46.6	46.6
Two or more races	7.4	8.0	7.7	7.9	8.0
Missing race data	4.0	5.1	7.2	9.7	7.3
Number	2,097	1,797	1,614	1,349	1,132

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Emotional abuse	39.6	28.7	29.1	21.4	6.9
Medical neglect	2.7	2.8	2.1	1.6	0.9
Neglect	78.3	80.0	78.5	80.7	89.7
Physical abuse	9.4	7.5	8.5	7.9	8.6
Sexual abuse	3.0	3.7	3.2	4.7	2.3
Sex trafficking	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	2,097	1,797	1,614	1,349	1,132

Time to Investigation (in hours) 10

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Mean	225.4	206.1	259.8	224.3	182.7
Median	>144	>120 but <144	>144	>120 but <144	>72 but <96

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total number	1,449	1,531	1,461	1,514	1,453	1,158	982	991	936	893	969	967	807	863	801	1,643	1,550	1,651	1,595	1,547
Median length of stay (months)	13.4	13.0	15.1	13.9	14.5	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	10.2	10.4	11.6	12.0	12.0	12.6	14.9	13.9	14.5	14.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	7.0	5.9	4.9	6.3	7.4	15.9	14.1	17.6	18.4	18.8	5.1	5.2	3.2	4.6	4.6	5.8	4.9	6.2	6.8	6.8
1 year	7.5	8.9	7.2	8.7	8.1	7.1	6.2	8.0	6.8	7.4	7.0	6.8	5.2	7.8	6.0	9.0	7.0	8.4	7.8	9.3
2 years	6.8	7.3	8.1	7.3	8.0	7.7	6.9	4.9	6.6	7.1	7.0	8.0	7.2	7.4	7.5	7.5	8.3	7.1	7.8	8.6
3 years	6.8	7.1	6.0	7.5	7.3	5.4	5.8	5.1	6.8	5.4	6.3	8.0	5.1	6.6	8.2	6.9	6.1	7.3	7.1	6.8
4 years	6.3	6.3	6.4	5.8	6.4	5.8	5.6	5.5	4.6	5.8	6.0	5.5	6.8	7.1	7.4	6.1	6.4	5.7	6.5	6.1
5 years	4.8	6.2	6.2	5.7	5.2	5.4	4.6	4.1	5.0	4.4	5.5	4.3	4.8	6.5	6.9	5.9	6.3	5.9	5.0	5.0
6 years	5.7	5.2	6.7	5.2	5.3	4.6	5.5	4.2	4.4	5.7	4.6	5.8	5.0	4.9	4.7	5.1	6.6	5.5	5.3	5.3
7 years	5.5	5.4	4.9	5.7	5.6	5.2	5.2	4.8	5.2	4.0	5.1	5.1	4.5	4.4	5.6	5.4	4.7	5.5	5.3	4.7
8 years	4.4	5.8	5.3	5.0	5.4	4.7	4.3	3.5	5.0	4.3	5.0	4.3	5.0	5.2	5.6	5.7	5.4	4.9	5.4	5.0
9 years	4.6	4.1	5.6	4.7	5.0	4.4	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.8	5.6	4.1	5.2	3.8	4.5	4.1	5.3	4.8	5.1	4.8
10 years	5.1	4.2	4.7	5.0	3.7	4.4	4.7	4.0	3.0	3.6	4.2	4.6	4.8	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.6	5.1	3.8	4.5
11 years	3.8	5.2	3.9	4.3	5.4	3.1	3.0	4.0	2.9	2.7	3.4	3.8	4.3	3.2	3.1	5.0	3.7	4.1	5.0	3.6
12 years	3.1	3.7	4.9	3.7	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.4	2.5	2.7	3.3	4.0	4.8	2.8	2.7	3.8	4.8	3.7	3.5	4.7
13 years	4.0	3.7	4.3	4.2	4.0	5.4	5.2	5.4	4.3	3.8	3.6	2.4	4.2	4.1	3.0	3.6	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.6
14 years	4.3	5.0	4.9	5.4	4.1	3.7	5.3	5.0	4.9	4.0	3.6	3.7	5.6	6.6	4.1	4.9	4.5	5.1	4.0	4.1
15 years	5.2	5.0	5.7	4.6	4.6	5.2	4.9	5.5	5.2	4.6	4.1	5.6	6.7	4.6	4.0	4.9	5.8	4.5	4.9	4.7
16 years	5.2	4.2	4.4	5.1	4.9	3.7	5.3	6.0	5.0	5.3	5.1	5.6	6.4	6.1	5.6	4.6	4.3	5.6	4.8	4.3
17 years	7.7	4.4	4.1	3.3	3.5	4.5	5.6	2.5	4.0	3.2	5.9	4.8	6.1	4.3	5.2	4.4	4.6	3.6	4.5	4.1
18 years	1.7	2.0	0.9	1.3	1.5	0.3	0.1	1.5	1.5	3.0	8.6	7.2	4.2	4.5	5.2	2.4	1.3	1.5	1.9	2.1
19 years	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.9	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.9	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.3
20 years	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6
21+; Missing Data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	34.2	33.4	38.5	41.7	45.4	27.4	35.3	33.4	37.4	35.1	28.3	27.6	27.8	33.7	30.8	32.8	38.3	40.6	43.3	46.9
Asian	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.3
Black	4.8	5.7	5.1	4.7	4.8	7.8	8.2	6.6	8.1	7.8	7.4	9.2	7.8	5.4	7.5	5.5	5.2	4.6	6.4	5.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.3	0.3	1.0	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	5.9	6.7	5.5	4.2	4.6	6.5	5.3	6.3	5.1	6.2	6.0	6.9	8.4	5.2	5.6	6.3	5.6	4.7	4.2	5.0
White	42.8	42.4	38.1	37.7	33.0	45.6	39.3	41.1	36.3	40.1	45.5	46.0	43.2	44.3	42.2	43.2	38.3	37.4	33.3	32.3
Two or more races	9.5	9.2	9.1	7.8	8.0	8.3	6.6	7.3	6.0	6.0	8.9	7.3	8.8	6.3	9.2	8.9	8.7	8.1	7.6	6.3
Unknown	1.9	1.8	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.9	4.0	4.4	5.9	4.5	3.1	1.8	3.1	3.9	3.6	2.6	3.2	3.6	4.3	3.8
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total waiting children	439	432	473	441	431
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	341	345	363	358	343

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	1.6	1.9	1.3	1.4	1.6
1 year	8.9	5.1	7.6	4.1	6.3
2 years	8.7	9.0	6.6	9.5	6.7
3 years	6.8	6.5	9.3	7.5	7.2
4 years	6.6	7.9	6.1	8.2	7.9
5 years	9.1	7.4	6.8	5.2	5.8
6 years	5.2	8.8	6.8	6.6	4.2
7 years	6.8	5.1	8.0	5.9	6.7
8 years	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.8	4.4
9 years	5.2	7.4	6.3	5.9	6.0
10 years	4.3	5.3	5.9	5.7	5.6
11 years	7.1	4.9	4.7	6.8	5.8
12 years	5.2	7.2	4.4	5.0	9.0
13 years	3.2	4.4	5.7	5.0	4.6
14 years	4.8	3.5	3.6	5.2	4.6
15 years	3.9	4.2	3.4	3.9	5.1
16 years	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.1	4.9
17 years	3.2	1.4	3.0	3.4	3.5

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	35.8	36.3	38.9	48.5	54.5
Asian	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.5
Black	5.7	4.6	5.9	5.2	3.5
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.5	0.0	1.3	0.5	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	7.3	7.6	6.1	3.9	5.1
White	40.5	38.2	33.6	29.3	26.2
Two or more races	8.9	11.6	10.6	9.1	7.2
Unknown	0.9	1.6	3.6	3.2	2.8
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children adopted	172	197	197	229	225

Age of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.4	1.3
1 year	7.0	9.1	3.6	7.4	6.7
2 years	12.2	13.7	10.7	11.8	10.2
3 years	8.1	10.2	9.1	9.6	13.3
4 years	11.0	7.6	13.2	10.0	10.2
5 years	7.0	6.6	8.1	7.9	9.8
6 years	6.4	7.6	8.1	6.6	8.0
7 years	8.1	4.6	5.6	6.1	7.6
8 years	7.0	6.1	2.5	7.9	5.3
9 years	5.2	4.6	7.6	6.1	4.9
10 years	5.8	5.1	5.6	5.2	4.0
11 years	5.2	8.1	4.6	3.5	4.9
12 years	4.1	4.6	5.6	3.1	2.7
13 years	2.9	1.5	4.1	2.6	3.6
14 years	2.3	2.0	4.1	5.2	2.2
15 years	1.7	3.0	4.1	1.3	2.2
16 years	4.1	1.5	2.0	1.3	0.4
17 years	1.2	3.6	0.5	3.5	2.2
18 years	0.6	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.4
19 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
20 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	29.7	37.6	27.9	31.9	37.8
Asian	1.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.4
Black	4.1	5.6	6.1	6.6	4.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.7	0.9
Hispanic (of any race)	7.6	7.6	9.1	5.2	5.8
White	44.2	41.1	42.1	43.2	39.6
Two or more races	12.2	6.1	14.2	10.0	8.9
Unknown	1.2	0.0	0.5	1.3	1.8
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

North Dakota [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13

Year	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023
Children without a recurrence	92.7	93.3	94.8	95.6	N/A
Children with one or more recurrences	7.3	6.7	5.2	4.4	N/A
Number	1,928	1,718	1,574	1,362	N/A

13 At the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2022.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children maltreated while in foster care	0.15	0.12	<.1	0.00	<.1
Children not maltreated while in foster care	99.85	99.88	99.92	100.00	99.96
Number	2,607	2,513	2,452	2,450	2,346

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	15.2	18.6	20.0	23.4	25.8
Guardianship	10.8	7.5	7.1	7.6	4.9
Reunification	57.1	57.5	63.1	58.2	54.6
Other	16.9	16.3	9.9	10.8	14.7
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	969	967	807	863	801

Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	23.9	34.7	36.0	45.0	45.4
Guardianship	6.8	5.7	3.8	4.9	3.1
Reunification	40.8	36.6	47.5	36.7	34.0
Other	28.5	23.0	12.7	13.5	17.5
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	309	317	314	371	291

Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	0.4	1.2	2.3	3.6	3.2
Guardianship	8.1	8.5	7.3	13.6	5.4
Reunification	50.0	50.0	66.8	55.2	54.8
Other	41.5	40.2	23.6	27.6	36.6
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	246	246	220	221	186

Exits to Emancipation (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry	16.7	11.8	13.6	6.5	8.3
Children older than 12 at entry	83.3	88.2	81.8	93.5	91.7
Missing data	0.0	0.0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Number	60	51	22	31	36

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Alaska Native / American Indian					Asian					Black (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	19.0	23.2	22.3	18.6	28.7	0.0	40.0	0.0	0.0	20.0	8.3	12.4	17.5	23.4	20.0
Guardianship	9.1	4.9	10.7	4.8	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20.0	8.3	12.4	0.0	8.5	5.0
Reunification	55.5	50.6	58.5	62.5	49.4	100.0	60.0	100.0	50.0	60.0	68.1	59.6	74.6	51.1	61.7
Other	16.4	21.3	8.5	14.1	19.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	0.0	15.3	15.7	7.9	17.0	13.3
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	274	267	224	291	247	1	5	5	4	5	72	89	63	47	60

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Hispanic (of any race)					Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.					White (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	12.1	20.9	16.2	26.7	28.9	0.0	33.3	0.0	66.7	33.3	14.5	17.1	19.5	24.9	25.1
Guardianship	13.8	6.0	1.5	13.3	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.2	8.1	5.7	9.7	5.9
Reunification	56.9	65.7	73.5	57.8	53.3	42.9	50.0	50.0	33.3	66.7	56.9	59.8	63.0	56.5	54.4
Other	17.2	7.5	8.8	2.2	15.6	57.1	16.7	50.0	0.0	0.0	16.3	15.1	11.7	8.9	14.5
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	58	67	68	45	45	7	6	2	6	3	441	445	349	382	338

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Two or More Races					Unable to Determine					Missing Data
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	17.4	18.3	29.6	42.6	27.0	10.0	0.0	0.0	8.8	13.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guardianship	10.5	9.9	11.3	1.9	6.8	10.0	11.8	16.0	11.8	6.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reunification	52.3	54.9	53.5	51.9	58.1	63.3	76.5	68.0	64.7	75.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	19.8	16.9	5.6	3.7	8.1	16.7	11.8	16.0	14.7	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	86	71	71	54	74	30	17	25	34	29	0	0	0	0	0

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	73.2	70.9	66.4	68.5	65.4
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	20.6	21.4	25.7	21.9	26.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	4.2	5.9	5.1	6.6	5.0
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	0.2	0.7	2.0	2.0	2.5
48 or more mos.	1.1	0.5	0.0	0.6	0.2
Missing data	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.4	0.2
Number	553	556	509	502	437

Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children entering care for the first time	78.8	77.7	76.9	79.1	76.0
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	10.9	11.4	9.6	11.4	14.4
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	10.1	10.9	13.4	9.5	9.4
Missing data	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Number	1,158	982	991	936	893

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	0.7	0.6	1.9	1.0	4.3
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	15.6	21.1	13.0	15.3	14.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	23.8	31.1	32.3	27.2	23.2
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	32.0	23.9	25.5	25.7	29.0
48 or more mos.	26.5	23.3	27.3	27.7	28.5
Missing data	1.4	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.5
Number	147	180	161	202	207

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)

Category	In Care Less Than 12 Months					In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months					In Care for 24 Months or Longer					Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements	78.7	80.6	74.9	78.0	75.0	53.3	58.1	54.0	52.1	51.9	29.6	32.9	35.3	33.7	32.1	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children with 3 or more placements	21.3	19.4	25.1	22.0	25.0	46.7	41.9	46.0	47.9	48.1	70.4	67.1	64.7	66.3	67.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing Placement setting counts	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total number	1,321	1,164	1,149	1,116	1,034	613	627	552	582	582	672	708	747	750	728	1	14	4	2	2

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Group homes	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Institution	1.6	1.8	1.0	0.3	0.7
Other settings	95.3	96.4	97.0	97.3	95.5
Missing data	2.8	1.7	1.8	2.4	3.7
Number	890	714	725	698	672