New York

New York [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children under 18 years	4,074,414	4,031,894	4,168,699	4,069,680	3,989,288
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian	8.5	8.6	8.8	8.9	9.0
Black	14.8	14.7	14.9	14.8	14.8
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	24.4	24.6	25.0	25.1	25.2
White	48.2	47.9	47.2	47.0	46.7
Two or more races	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9
Child population in poverty (%)	18.6	18.1	16.6	18.8	18.8

Child Welfare Summary 5

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Child maltreatment victims	68,785	67,269	59,126	56,760	50,056
Foster care entry rate	2.1	2.1	1.6	1.5	1.5
Children in foster care on 9/30	16,852	16,316	16,203	14,882	14,134
Children adopted	1,697	1,648	974	1,145	1,248

Caseworker Visits 6

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children receiving monthly visits (%)	95.7	96.2	96.1	96.3	96.2
Numerator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	176,158	170,596	167,479	158,509	151,791
Denominator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	183,978	177,272	174,217	164,589	157,859
Children receiving visits in the home (%)	93.4	93.1	89.1	94.4	94.2
Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	164,516	158,800	149,246	149,671	142,955
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	176,158	170,596	167,479	158,509	151,791

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8

Category	Number					Rate
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	218,684	216,016	194,127	189,559	192,737	53.7 per 1,000	53.6 per 1,000	46.6 per 1,000	46.6 per 1,000	48.3 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims	68,785	67,269	59,126	56,760	50,056	16.9 per 1,000	16.7 per 1,000	14.2 per 1,000	13.9 per 1,000	12.5 per 1,000
Child Fatalities	118	69	105	126	105	2.9 per 100,000	1.7 per 100,000	2.5 per 100,000	3.1 per 100,000	2.6 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	9.6	9.6	10.2	9.3	9.3
1 year	6.1	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.9
2 years	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.5	5.9
3 years	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.0	5.7
4 years	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.2	5.3
5 years	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.7
6 years	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.3	5.8
7 years	6.0	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.6
8 years	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.6
9 years	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.3
10 years	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.6	5.2
11 years	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.6	5.3
12 years	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.6	5.5
13 years	4.9	5.0	5.1	5.7	5.6
14 years	4.9	5.1	4.8	5.5	5.5
15 years	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.4
16 years	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.4
17 years	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.8
18+ years	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Missing age data	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Number	68,785	67,269	59,126	56,760	50,056

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asian	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6
Black	27.0	28.5	27.4	27.3	27.2
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	26.1	29.0	28.8	29.5	30.6
White	31.0	33.2	35.2	34.8	33.6
Two or more races	3.6	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.9
Missing race data	9.6	1.9	0.8	0.6	0.7
Number	68,785	67,269	59,126	56,760	50,056

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Emotional abuse	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9
Medical neglect	6.9	7.0	6.0	5.4	5.8
Neglect	110.1	110.5	109.2	112.5	111.6
Physical abuse	10.0	9.5	9.4	7.8	9.8
Sexual abuse	3.7	3.6	3.9	4.1	4.6
Sex trafficking	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	31.3	29.9	31.2	3.3	2.7
Number	68,785	67,269	59,126	56,760	50,056

Time to Investigation (in hours) 10

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Mean	12.3	12.2	10.4	11.4	13.5
Median	<24	<24	<24	<24	<24

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total number	16,647	15,955	15,747	15,400	14,508	8,605	8,273	6,489	6,155	6,097	8,400	7,912	6,034	6,673	6,471	16,852	16,316	16,203	14,882	14,134
Median length of stay (months)	17.1	16.9	17.0	19.5	21.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	15.7	16.7	16.3	20.0	20.3	17.1	17.3	19.7	21.7	20.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.6	18.1	18.1	20.5	19.7	17.5	4.7	4.4	3.8	3.3	3.2	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.5	4.8
1 year	6.7	7.7	7.9	7.6	7.7	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	7.1	5.4	5.1	4.2	4.1	4.9	7.5	7.7	7.5	7.7	7.6
2 years	7.0	7.1	7.9	8.3	8.4	5.7	6.1	5.7	5.3	5.4	6.5	7.2	6.2	6.4	6.4	6.9	7.7	8.2	8.4	8.0
3 years	6.5	6.3	6.3	7.3	7.6	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.1	5.2	6.1	6.1	5.8	6.4	7.5	6.2	6.3	7.4	7.6	7.7
4 years	5.9	6.1	5.6	6.0	6.8	4.4	4.2	4.0	5.1	4.0	5.7	5.7	4.4	5.6	5.9	5.9	5.5	6.0	6.9	6.7
5 years	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.7	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.3	4.5	5.0	5.4	4.3	4.9	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.6	5.7	6.2
6 years	5.2	5.2	4.8	5.2	5.2	3.8	4.0	4.6	4.2	3.8	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.4	4.6	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.3	5.3
7 years	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.0	4.9	4.2	4.7	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.9
8 years	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.7	4.3	3.1	3.7	3.5	3.5	4.4	4.0	4.4	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.3	4.4	4.7	4.3	4.9
9 years	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.9	4.5	3.9	3.2	3.6	3.9	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.5
10 years	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.3	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.3	3.3	4.0	3.9	3.1	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.3
11 years	4.0	3.7	4.1	4.3	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.2	4.1	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.8	3.5	3.6	4.1	4.4	4.0	4.3
12 years	3.6	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	4.4	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.5	4.0	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.4
13 years	4.3	4.1	4.4	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.5	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.4	3.6	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.6
14 years	5.1	5.2	4.7	4.7	4.4	5.8	5.1	4.7	5.3	5.3	3.9	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.8	5.1	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.9
15 years	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.2	5.2	6.7	6.3	5.9	5.2	5.6	5.3	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.4	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.0
16 years	7.6	6.9	7.0	5.8	5.5	6.3	6.8	5.6	5.4	5.0	5.4	5.6	4.9	4.3	4.2	6.8	6.8	6.1	5.7	5.8
17 years	6.7	6.9	6.4	6.4	5.6	3.9	4.0	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.8	4.1	3.5	7.3	6.7	6.8	5.9	5.6
18 years	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.9	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.5	12.1	12.2	16.9	15.4	13.8	1.6	1.5	0.8	0.7	0.4
19 years	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.5	4.0	2.8	2.5	1.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
20 years	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0	2.7	2.2	4.8	4.0	3.6	0.7	0.8	<.1	0.0	0.0
21+; Missing Data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	<.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	<.1	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Asian	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.4
Black	41.8	41.3	40.4	39.0	37.2	38.7	38.0	36.0	33.7	35.5	39.6	39.6	39.0	38.3	36.3	41.3	40.4	39.2	37.1	36.9
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	25.2	25.7	25.6	26.1	26.6	25.6	24.0	25.0	26.9	25.9	25.1	24.4	23.9	25.6	26.1	25.4	25.5	26.0	26.6	26.5
White	23.7	24.3	24.8	25.4	26.6	26.8	28.6	29.7	30.0	28.3	25.4	27.1	28.2	26.5	28.1	24.5	25.1	25.6	26.8	26.7
Two or more races	6.5	6.9	7.4	7.7	7.8	6.7	7.3	7.4	7.6	7.8	6.1	6.5	7.3	7.5	7.4	6.9	7.2	7.5	7.7	8.0
Unknown	1.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.6	2.3	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Missing race data	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total waiting children	4,309	3,884	3,689	3,619	3,610
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	2,199	1,830	1,633	1,536	1,618

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	0.9	0.9	0.4	0.8	0.6
1 year	6.9	6.5	4.9	5.2	5.4
2 years	9.1	10.0	10.2	9.7	9.5
3 years	8.6	8.4	9.8	10.6	9.6
4 years	8.3	7.4	8.2	9.1	9.3
5 years	6.6	7.4	7.0	7.9	7.9
6 years	7.1	5.8	6.4	6.5	7.0
7 years	6.5	6.3	5.0	5.7	5.7
8 years	5.6	6.0	5.8	4.6	5.7
9 years	5.5	5.1	5.6	5.4	4.6
10 years	5.4	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.9
11 years	4.4	5.0	4.7	4.4	4.4
12 years	5.3	4.2	5.1	4.3	4.3
13 years	3.9	5.1	4.0	4.8	4.7
14 years	4.2	4.2	5.1	3.6	4.7
15 years	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.9	4.0
16 years	3.7	4.7	4.6	4.3	4.2
17 years	3.2	3.2	4.0	3.5	3.4

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Asian	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1
Black	42.1	40.7	38.5	35.5	35.7
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic (of any race)	23.5	23.7	25.8	25.4	24.8
White	25.7	26.4	26.1	29.3	28.7
Two or more races	7.0	8.1	8.4	8.5	9.3
Unknown	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children adopted	1,697	1,648	974	1,145	1,248

Age of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2
1 year	5.2	5.6	5.3	3.8	4.5
2 years	11.4	12.7	14.0	11.6	12.2
3 years	11.4	12.0	13.1	12.0	15.4
4 years	10.0	9.9	8.5	11.5	12.2
5 years	7.5	8.9	8.1	9.3	9.8
6 years	8.5	7.9	8.8	6.8	7.1
7 years	7.3	6.6	6.1	7.2	5.9
8 years	5.5	6.1	7.3	6.2	4.3
9 years	6.8	5.8	4.8	4.5	4.7
10 years	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.8	4.6
11 years	4.8	4.1	3.2	5.0	4.8
12 years	4.0	3.8	3.7	4.3	2.7
13 years	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.0
14 years	2.7	2.4	1.8	2.8	2.7
15 years	2.8	1.9	3.1	3.1	2.8
16 years	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.2	1.8
17 years	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.8	1.2
18 years	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
19 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
20 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.1	0.2	0.2	<.1	0.2
Asian	0.8	0.5	0.0	0.6	0.6
Black	35.6	36.0	35.6	30.7	26.8
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic (of any race)	21.7	18.3	15.5	21.1	19.6
White	31.2	37.3	39.7	38.1	43.8
Two or more races	6.0	6.6	8.8	9.3	9.1
Unknown	4.5	1.2	0.1	<.1	0.0
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

New York [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13

Year	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023
Children without a recurrence	81.9	81.9	82.6	82.5	N/A
Children with one or more recurrences	18.1	18.1	17.4	17.5	N/A
Number	69,595	66,410	56,397	57,261	N/A

13 At the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2022.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children maltreated while in foster care	1.67	1.49	1.72	1.39	1.30
Children not maltreated while in foster care	98.33	98.51	98.28	98.61	98.70
Number	25,252	24,228	22,237	21,555	20,605

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	20.2	20.7	15.6	16.5	19.3
Guardianship	5.1	6.0	4.6	9.6	9.4
Reunification	56.5	54.8	52.0	49.5	49.3
Other	18.0	18.2	27.7	24.2	21.7
Missing data	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Number	8,400	7,912	6,034	6,673	6,471

Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	24.9	24.7	15.6	18.1	20.9
Guardianship	4.6	4.7	3.4	7.1	6.4
Reunification	39.8	38.5	34.9	34.4	31.4
Other	30.6	32.0	46.0	40.1	41.0
Missing data	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
Number	3,248	2,879	2,349	2,533	2,098

Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	1.3	1.7	0.5	1.0	0.8
Guardianship	1.3	1.7	0.9	2.4	2.3
Reunification	45.3	43.7	32.6	30.2	32.6
Other	52.0	52.6	65.8	66.2	64.1
Missing data	<.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3
Number	2,620	2,453	2,316	2,232	1,973

Exits to Emancipation (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry	9.7	10.1	8.4	7.8	9.9
Children older than 12 at entry	90.3	89.9	91.6	92.2	90.1
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,378	1,307	1,588	1,531	1,321

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Alaska Native / American Indian					Asian					Black (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	11.8	12.0	33.3	3.1	15.4	12.1	8.3	0.0	8.0	8.0	18.2	18.9	14.4	13.0	14.2
Guardianship	11.8	20.0	0.0	6.3	15.4	2.6	8.3	2.5	9.1	2.3	5.9	7.1	4.3	11.3	11.0
Reunification	52.9	48.0	66.7	87.5	38.5	62.1	54.2	60.5	56.8	58.0	55.4	52.6	48.8	47.9	48.6
Other	23.5	20.0	0.0	3.1	30.8	23.3	29.2	37.0	26.1	31.8	20.4	21.2	32.5	27.7	26.3
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.1	<.1	0.1	0.0
Number	17	25	6	32	13	116	96	81	88	88	3,324	3,131	2,356	2,557	2,352

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Hispanic (of any race)					Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.					White (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	17.5	15.5	10.1	13.9	14.5	50.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24.9	28.4	21.7	23.7	30.1
Guardianship	5.4	6.6	5.3	9.8	9.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.8	4.1	4.5	7.3	7.9
Reunification	57.9	57.6	52.6	48.1	51.6	50.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	56.1	54.6	55.4	51.6	47.1
Other	19.2	20.2	31.9	27.8	24.4	0.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	50.0	14.6	12.3	18.2	16.9	14.3
Missing data	<.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.5	0.7
Number	2,107	1,932	1,444	1,708	1,687	2	2	1	2	2	2,130	2,143	1,699	1,771	1,820

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Two or More Races					Unable to Determine					Missing Data
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	20.0	20.9	18.9	20.0	23.7	39.8	31.7	12.5	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guardianship	3.9	3.9	4.6	8.6	9.1	6.8	9.5	0.0	6.7	11.1	33.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reunification	62.5	59.8	52.7	50.7	51.7	45.0	46.0	75.0	60.0	59.3	33.3	100.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
Other	13.5	15.5	23.5	20.4	15.6	8.4	12.7	12.5	26.7	29.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33.3	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Number	510	517	438	499	482	191	63	8	15	27	3	3	1	1	0

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	61.1	60.1	53.9	48.2	56.3
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	21.2	23.1	25.6	27.3	21.7
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	8.7	8.6	11.6	12.7	10.7
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	4.4	3.3	4.3	5.4	4.8
48 or more mos.	4.4	4.8	4.6	6.4	6.5
Missing data	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0
Number	4,745	4,338	3,140	3,301	3,191

Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children entering care for the first time	78.0	78.1	78.5	78.7	78.6
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	7.0	9.0	8.7	8.2	8.2
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	11.0	11.7	11.6	12.0	12.1
Missing data	4.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
Number	8,605	8,273	6,489	6,155	6,097

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	1.6	2.2	1.7	0.7	0.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	11.4	14.2	13.1	8.1	10.0
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	24.7	26.9	30.5	25.2	23.5
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	21.4	20.7	21.2	21.4	26.2
48 or more mos.	40.9	36.0	33.5	44.5	39.7
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,698	1,641	939	1,098	1,248

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)

Category	In Care Less Than 12 Months					In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months					In Care for 24 Months or Longer					Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements	84.3	83.2	85.1	84.5	85.0	71.5	68.7	70.7	71.5	71.3	46.8	47.2	48.6	51.1	52.2	48.4	71.9	77.8	78.3	81.8
Children with 3 or more placements	15.7	16.8	14.9	15.5	15.0	28.5	31.3	29.3	28.5	28.7	53.2	52.8	51.4	48.9	47.8	51.6	28.1	22.2	21.7	18.2
Missing Placement setting counts	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total number	9,843	9,392	7,422	6,924	6,959	6,086	5,736	5,738	4,881	4,363	9,292	9,068	9,041	9,704	9,250	31	32	36	46	33

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Group homes	0.9	1.3	1.6	1.1	0.6
Institution	7.4	7.1	6.8	8.4	10.0
Other settings	90.9	91.4	91.6	89.9	88.8
Missing data	0.8	0.1	<.1	0.6	0.5
Number	5,821	5,732	4,579	4,362	4,329