Minnesota

Minnesota [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children under 18 years	1,303,090	1,303,212	1,314,083	1,302,973	1,294,162
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Asian	6.3	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.6
Black	10.0	10.3	10.4	10.7	11.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	9.1	9.1	9.2	9.3	9.5
White	68.0	67.5	67.2	66.6	66.0
Two or more races	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.4
Child population in poverty (%)	11.7	11.2	9.5	10.9	10.9

Child Welfare Summary 5

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Child maltreatment victims	7,785	6,780	6,647	5,544	5,299
Foster care entry rate	5.1	4.6	3.8	3.5	3.3
Children in foster care on 9/30	9,375	8,475	7,856	6,952	6,133
Children adopted	1,284	1,347	1,043	1,001	1,100

Caseworker Visits 6

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children receiving monthly visits (%)	80.5	82.0	83.0	84.6	85.9
Numerator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	87,661	81,421	76,351	68,413	61,220
Denominator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	108,899	99,236	91,959	80,825	71,280
Children receiving visits in the home (%)	87.2	87.3	87.3	89.1	88.1
Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	76,427	71,081	66,638	60,981	53,960
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	87,661	81,421	76,351	68,413	61,220

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8

Category	Number					Rate
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	39,581	38,690	36,274	32,919	32,958	30.4 per 1,000	29.7 per 1,000	27.6 per 1,000	25.3 per 1,000	25.5 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims	7,785	6,780	6,647	5,544	5,299	6.0 per 1,000	5.2 per 1,000	5.1 per 1,000	4.3 per 1,000	4.1 per 1,000
Child Fatalities	30	17	21	22	25	2.3 per 100,000	1.3 per 100,000	1.6 per 100,000	1.7 per 100,000	1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	15.5	14.9	14.5	15.3	14.0
1 year	6.8	6.3	6.2	6.7	6.2
2 years	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.2
3 years	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.7
4 years	6.6	5.9	5.8	6.2	6.2
5 years	5.8	6.1	6.3	4.9	6.5
6 years	5.2	5.7	4.9	5.7	5.3
7 years	5.3	5.3	5.5	4.5	4.6
8 years	5.5	5.1	4.5	4.7	5.2
9 years	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.8	4.9
10 years	4.8	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.1
11 years	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.3	4.8
12 years	4.4	5.1	5.3	5.3	4.8
13 years	4.1	4.2	5.5	5.2	4.7
14 years	4.1	3.8	4.6	4.4	5.1
15 years	3.7	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.6
16 years	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.3
17 years	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4
18+ years	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing age data	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Number	7,785	6,780	6,647	5,544	5,299

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	8.8	7.4	7.3	9.6	8.9
Asian	4.0	3.1	2.6	2.8	3.2
Black	19.7	16.3	17.0	13.4	13.1
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	12.5	11.9	13.2	13.9	15.4
White	37.9	41.4	38.0	36.9	35.6
Two or more races	14.2	16.1	18.0	19.8	20.1
Missing race data	2.9	3.8	4.0	3.5	3.6
Number	7,785	6,780	6,647	5,544	5,299

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Emotional abuse	1.6	2.0	2.6	2.2	2.4
Medical neglect	--	--	--	--	--
Neglect	72.0	71.7	72.5	74.3	71.2
Physical abuse	20.6	15.0	14.1	11.3	13.5
Sexual abuse	20.9	23.7	24.9	26.4	26.9
Sex trafficking	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	7,785	6,780	6,647	5,544	5,299

Time to Investigation (in hours) 10

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Mean	78.3	71.4	83.8	88.5	85.3
Median	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48	>24 but <48

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total number	9,323	8,999	8,203	7,552	6,710	6,699	5,985	4,961	4,523	4,213	6,647	6,509	5,308	5,123	4,790	9,375	8,475	7,856	6,952	6,133
Median length of stay (months)	10.9	12.1	12.4	13.5	13.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	11.5	12.7	13.3	14.4	14.7	11.9	12.4	13.5	13.4	12.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	7.2	6.7	6.9	6.3	6.8	16.0	15.0	15.9	15.5	15.5	4.7	3.8	4.5	3.9	3.7	6.7	6.8	6.2	6.7	6.8
1 year	7.6	8.4	7.8	7.2	7.0	6.9	6.3	6.0	6.9	6.5	7.8	7.3	7.1	7.0	7.2	8.4	7.8	7.2	7.1	8.2
2 years	7.4	6.7	7.6	7.2	6.7	5.8	6.4	5.5	5.4	6.1	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.0	6.8	7.5	7.3	6.7	6.1
3 years	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.6	6.4	5.4	5.5	5.1	5.6	5.2	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.8	6.4	6.0	6.6	6.3	5.7
4 years	6.0	6.1	5.5	5.5	6.0	5.3	4.9	4.9	5.2	5.2	5.7	5.8	5.0	5.8	6.6	6.1	5.6	5.6	6.0	5.4
5 years	5.7	5.6	5.9	5.5	5.4	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.7	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.1	5.8	5.5	6.0	5.4	5.4	5.1
6 years	5.1	5.6	4.7	5.5	4.7	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	5.0	5.7	5.1	5.7	5.0	5.6	4.7	5.5	4.7	4.9
7 years	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.7	5.1	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.8	4.5	4.7	5.0	4.5	4.9	5.0	4.6	5.0	4.7
8 years	5.3	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.4	3.9	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.0	4.7	4.7	4.0	4.5	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.6
9 years	4.9	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.7	4.1	4.0	4.6	4.4	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.3	3.8
10 years	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.9	4.2	3.9	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.3
11 years	4.0	4.7	4.4	4.8	4.2	3.8	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.4	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.5	3.5	4.5	4.4	4.8	4.2	4.4
12 years	4.1	3.8	4.7	4.5	4.8	4.0	4.7	5.0	5.2	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.7	5.2	3.8	4.7	4.5	4.9	3.9
13 years	4.5	4.4	4.4	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.9	6.0	5.5	5.2	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.4	4.4	5.4	5.0	5.2
14 years	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	5.6	5.2	5.6	5.3	6.1	6.2	4.6	4.8	4.5	5.2	5.3	4.7	4.6	5.0	5.6	5.4
15 years	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.4	6.7	6.3	6.5	5.4	6.5	5.0	5.5	5.8	4.4	4.7	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.4	6.7
16 years	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.7	6.4	6.1	6.0	5.7	5.7	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.0	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.7	6.5
17 years	5.3	6.0	6.3	5.9	5.8	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.0	3.5	5.1	4.5	5.5	4.4	4.3	5.9	6.3	5.7	5.8	5.8
18 years	0.4	0.6	0.9	0.7	1.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.0	<.1	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.8	6.1	0.7	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.8
19 years	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.8	0.7	1.0
20 years	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.8	0.6
21+; Missing Data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	1.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	23.0	22.6	21.3	20.3	19.3	14.6	12.8	12.7	13.8	14.1	15.0	15.6	14.7	15.6	15.1	22.7	21.0	20.3	19.5	19.0
Asian	2.0	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.7	2.0	1.6	1.0	1.9	1.5	2.4	2.1	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.8
Black	15.1	15.0	14.9	14.3	12.7	16.2	14.8	13.2	12.0	12.5	15.9	14.8	13.9	14.3	12.4	15.3	15.0	14.5	12.9	12.8
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.2	<.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	9.5	10.2	10.3	10.1	10.6	10.8	9.8	10.6	10.5	10.8	10.1	9.7	11.1	10.2	10.9	10.0	10.3	9.9	10.3	10.5
White	35.4	34.4	33.3	33.2	32.9	40.1	41.8	41.2	39.2	36.7	40.9	41.8	40.0	37.8	39.0	34.8	33.9	33.8	33.7	30.8
Two or more races	13.9	14.8	17.7	20.0	22.0	13.6	16.7	18.9	20.9	22.4	13.9	14.1	17.0	19.7	20.0	13.7	16.7	18.9	20.9	23.8
Unknown	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.8	0.7	2.6	2.3	2.1	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.2
Missing race data	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total waiting children	2,031	1,968	1,876	1,820	1,633
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	1,858	1,829	1,702	1,666	1,423

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	3.7	4.1	2.7	3.4	3.7
1 year	8.6	8.5	8.4	7.4	9.7
2 years	8.5	8.5	8.6	7.4	6.4
3 years	7.6	6.9	7.6	7.4	5.6
4 years	6.4	5.8	5.5	6.9	5.6
5 years	5.9	6.4	6.0	6.0	5.4
6 years	6.7	4.9	5.9	5.5	4.7
7 years	5.0	5.2	4.5	5.5	3.9
8 years	4.5	4.2	4.6	4.5	5.5
9 years	5.0	4.6	4.6	4.3	3.4
10 years	4.1	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.5
11 years	4.8	4.1	5.4	4.3	5.5
12 years	4.0	5.5	4.5	5.7	4.6
13 years	4.4	4.8	6.0	5.1	5.5
14 years	3.5	4.8	4.9	5.5	5.8
15 years	5.3	4.0	5.5	6.0	7.5
16 years	6.1	5.7	4.7	5.5	7.0
17 years	6.0	7.2	6.0	5.2	5.7

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	9.8	8.5	9.2	7.3	8.1
Asian	3.0	2.0	1.6	2.3	2.9
Black	21.4	21.5	22.0	19.2	15.6
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	11.4	13.0	12.0	11.2	13.0
White	37.1	35.2	33.5	35.5	32.9
Two or more races	16.5	18.4	21.4	24.1	26.6
Unknown	0.8	1.3	0.3	0.5	0.7
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children adopted	1,284	1,347	1,043	1,001	1,100

Age of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	2.2	2.4	3.0	1.4	1.3
1 year	12.7	11.7	11.7	11.8	10.9
2 years	11.4	14.1	13.5	14.1	10.7
3 years	9.3	8.6	10.7	10.8	10.7
4 years	8.6	9.4	7.5	7.5	9.8
5 years	6.1	6.9	6.2	5.5	7.5
6 years	7.2	8.3	7.2	8.2	8.0
7 years	5.6	5.8	5.4	5.5	5.1
8 years	6.9	5.8	5.5	5.4	6.5
9 years	6.1	4.7	3.1	4.5	4.1
10 years	5.1	4.0	3.8	5.2	3.8
11 years	3.4	3.6	4.5	4.3	3.1
12 years	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.5	4.4
13 years	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.1	4.2
14 years	2.6	2.2	3.2	2.8	3.3
15 years	2.1	2.0	3.0	1.8	2.2
16 years	1.5	1.6	2.5	2.6	2.6
17 years	1.2	1.5	2.1	2.1	1.5
18 years	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.3
19 years	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
20 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	7.6	7.1	6.2	7.4	5.7
Asian	1.8	3.0	2.3	1.9	1.4
Black	13.9	16.5	13.4	16.0	15.5
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0	0.0
Hispanic (of any race)	11.7	11.5	13.8	12.6	10.5
White	48.7	45.9	44.8	37.8	42.2
Two or more races	15.3	14.8	17.6	24.1	24.3
Unknown	1.0	1.1	1.7	0.3	0.5
Missing race data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Minnesota [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13

Year	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023
Children without a recurrence	92.8	93.6	93.3	92.4	N/A
Children with one or more recurrences	7.2	6.4	6.7	7.6	N/A
Number	7,753	7,003	6,301	5,547	N/A

13 At the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2022.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children maltreated while in foster care	0.71	0.37	0.53	0.55	0.60
Children not maltreated while in foster care	99.29	99.63	99.47	99.45	99.40
Number	16,022	14,984	13,164	12,075	10,923

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	19.3	20.8	19.6	19.6	23.0
Guardianship	10.9	12.6	11.6	14.8	12.8
Reunification	61.2	58.0	59.4	56.7	56.0
Other	8.6	8.7	9.3	8.9	8.2
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	6,647	6,509	5,308	5,123	4,790

Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	30.8	29.5	26.0	DQ*	31.3
Guardianship	6.3	6.8	6.3	DQ*	8.7
Reunification	46.9	45.8	49.8	DQ*	47.0
Other	16.0	17.8	17.9	DQ*	13.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	DQ*	0.0
Number	1,758	1,875	1,803	DQ*	2,056

Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	3.0	3.4	3.9	3.1	3.9
Guardianship	5.9	6.2	6.6	7.6	7.8
Reunification	65.1	62.8	61.5	60.4	60.8
Other	26.1	27.6	28.0	28.9	27.5
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,735	1,709	1,459	1,269	1,148

Exits to Emancipation (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry	14.3	13.4	14.8	16.2	16.2
Children older than 12 at entry	85.7	86.6	85.2	83.8	83.8
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	427	440	406	365	340

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Alaska Native / American Indian					Asian					Black (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	9.8	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.0	14.6	30.4	32.4	33.9	22.4	17.0	23.0	19.0	21.8	28.7
Guardianship	23.0	23.0	22.1	32.8	27.2	3.8	3.7	10.8	16.1	11.9	5.3	6.7	7.7	12.1	8.8
Reunification	56.8	58.9	60.6	48.7	57.0	75.3	57.8	50.0	41.1	59.7	67.0	59.2	59.8	55.3	50.4
Other	10.3	8.3	8.6	9.1	6.8	6.3	8.1	6.8	8.9	6.0	10.7	11.0	13.4	10.8	12.1
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	998	1,018	780	798	724	158	135	74	56	67	1,058	964	737	733	593

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Hispanic (of any race)					Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.					White (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	22.4	24.5	24.4	24.0	22.0	0.0	14.3	100.0	0.0	0.0	22.9	22.7	21.8	19.7	24.9
Guardianship	7.0	9.8	13.9	12.2	12.3	20.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	9.9	12.0	8.7	10.7	8.8
Reunification	62.5	58.6	51.6	55.6	55.0	0.0	42.9	0.0	0.0	100.0	60.0	57.0	60.5	60.3	58.3
Other	8.1	7.1	10.2	8.2	10.7	80.0	42.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.2	8.3	9.0	9.3	8.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	669	633	591	525	522	5	7	1	1	4	2,721	2,721	2,123	1,938	1,866

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Two or More Races					Unable to Determine					Missing Data
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	21.3	21.8	20.5	23.9	27.8	11.3	13.4	18.2	4.6	9.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guardianship	12.2	12.6	12.3	11.8	13.0	2.6	9.8	3.0	7.7	5.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reunification	57.4	56.1	59.5	57.0	53.1	80.0	75.9	74.7	81.5	76.9	100.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	100.0
Other	9.1	9.5	7.6	7.2	6.0	6.1	0.9	4.0	6.2	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	921	919	902	1,007	960	115	112	99	65	52	2	0	1	0	2

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	74.8	71.3	69.1	69.3	70.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	20.8	22.2	23.2	23.2	21.3
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	3.2	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.5
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	0.5	0.8	1.2	1.8	1.4
48 or more mos.	0.7	1.4	2.5	1.5	1.9
Missing data	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1
Number	4,069	3,774	3,152	2,905	2,683

Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children entering care for the first time	72.0	70.5	70.4	68.8	71.1
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	13.6	14.5	13.1	13.6	12.2
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	14.0	14.6	16.3	17.4	16.4
Missing data	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3
Number	6,699	5,985	4,961	4,523	4,213

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	5.7	6.1	5.6	2.4	2.5
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	40.2	41.5	38.2	33.2	32.3
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	37.9	34.3	33.4	31.3	36.8
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	10.9	11.0	12.5	17.7	16.5
48 or more mos.	5.3	7.1	10.5	15.3	11.8
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,283	1,351	1,043	1,005	1,101

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)

Category	In Care Less Than 12 Months					In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months					In Care for 24 Months or Longer					Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements	88.3	88.1	87.8	88.5	88.9	67.8	70.5	69.4	71.8	71.8	38.7	38.1	39.8	40.3	40.1	90.0	96.7	100.0	100.0	95.8
Children with 3 or more placements	11.4	11.6	11.8	11.3	11.0	32.2	29.5	30.6	28.1	28.1	61.3	61.9	60.2	59.7	59.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing Placement setting counts	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.0	3.3	0.0	0.0	4.2
Total number	8,113	7,267	5,961	5,448	5,060	4,436	4,114	3,720	3,232	2,835	3,463	3,573	3,468	3,377	3,004	10	30	15	18	24

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Group homes	1.4	1.9	1.8	1.3	1.6
Institution	3.2	3.5	3.8	4.5	4.1
Other settings	95.4	94.6	94.2	94.1	91.7
Missing data	0.0	<.1	0.1	0.2	2.6
Number	4,818	4,318	3,545	3,295	3,048