Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)
1,262
1,238
9,462
9,988
8,478
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)
2,106
2,143
15,033
13,786
12,833
1 The
source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each
section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau.
Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child
Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care
Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal
fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. Back 2 Data
that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report
are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the
report are represented as --. For additional information on the data
quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please
reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.
Back 3 The
total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates
from the Census Bureau
https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community
Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020
poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020
poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the
ACS Experimental Data webpage:
https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html. Back 4 For
race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.
The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site
http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite
provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and
ethnicity are treated as two separate categories. Back 5 A child
victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least
one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child
who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years
when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were
included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000
children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims
are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster
care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. Back 6 The
reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements
includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the
FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full
calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an
approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting
requirement. Back
B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
[NCANDS])
7
7 The
unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of
the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the
reporting year. Back 8 The
rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per
1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000
children under age 18. Back 9 These
percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A
child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment,
or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the
total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may
exceed 100. Back 10
Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected
maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged
victim or with another person who can provide information on the
allegation. Back
C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care
Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)
Overview Foster Care Information
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total number
1,556
1,636
1,677
1,557
1,386
1,181
1,233
1,002
998
906
979
1,135
1,072
1,122
952
1,758
1,734
1,607
1,433
1,340
Median length of stay (months)
12.4
12.2
12.2
13.1
11.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10.8
12.1
14.3
16.1
13.7
12.9
13.0
13.6
12.7
13.2
Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Under 1 year
8.8
8.3
7.6
6.2
9.3
18.9
17.1
15.1
20.2
16.2
6.8
5.4
3.6
4.6
4.4
8.1
7.4
6.2
9.0
6.9
1 year
8.2
8.7
8.3
8.3
8.0
6.3
6.9
5.8
6.2
5.0
7.4
8.5
8.1
7.7
8.3
8.3
8.6
8.2
7.9
9.8
2 years
6.7
7.7
7.1
6.2
6.5
5.8
6.0
5.6
5.1
4.0
7.5
7.5
8.3
6.5
7.6
7.8
7.4
6.3
6.7
5.1
3 years
7.7
5.4
6.6
5.8
5.1
5.5
4.8
5.5
4.4
4.7
5.9
5.6
6.9
6.3
5.1
5.9
7.0
5.9
5.1
5.4
4 years
6.2
6.5
5.1
6.4
5.2
5.7
4.7
6.4
5.2
4.0
7.2
5.6
5.6
6.1
4.3
6.5
5.3
6.4
5.2
5.0
5 years
6.0
5.3
5.0
4.9
5.8
4.1
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.7
4.6
7.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.0
4.9
5.9
4.6
6 years
5.5
6.3
5.4
5.1
4.6
5.7
5.6
5.1
3.8
3.3
6.0
5.5
5.1
4.6
5.5
6.2
5.3
5.1
4.6
5.1
7 years
4.4
4.6
5.5
4.4
4.8
4.1
3.8
3.3
5.3
4.3
5.6
4.2
4.9
5.4
4.0
4.8
5.5
4.4
4.8
4.2
8 years
4.8
4.0
3.9
5.4
4.3
3.9
4.5
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.4
5.4
4.2
4.0
3.9
5.7
4.3
4.4
9 years
5.0
4.9
4.3
3.7
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.6
4.0
4.5
4.3
4.8
4.0
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.3
3.8
4.6
4.7
10 years
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.2
3.4
5.0
5.0
4.1
4.4
3.1
3.9
4.6
3.9
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.0
11 years
4.0
5.1
3.8
4.2
3.5
4.1
4.9
4.4
4.0
5.3
4.8
5.0
4.1
5.2
4.4
4.9
3.8
4.5
3.4
4.9
12 years
3.7
3.7
5.5
4.4
3.7
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.9
3.7
3.6
5.4
4.3
3.8
4.4
13 years
3.3
4.3
3.6
5.1
4.4
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.5
4.7
3.7
4.3
5.4
3.5
4.1
4.4
3.5
4.9
4.4
3.8
14 years
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.2
5.0
5.5
6.4
4.5
7.1
3.7
4.8
3.7
5.6
5.6
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.1
5.6
15 years
3.3
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.5
3.7
4.2
5.2
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.4
4.5
4.1
4.6
4.2
4.7
5.0
4.6
5.4
16 years
5.1
3.7
4.7
5.3
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.4
5.0
5.3
4.6
3.7
4.2
5.2
5.0
3.8
4.7
5.2
4.7
4.8
17 years
3.9
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.8
2.6
2.6
3.9
1.8
4.6
2.7
2.6
3.8
2.6
3.4
4.9
4.5
4.9
5.8
5.2
18 years
2.4
1.9
2.3
1.9
2.6
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.5
5.4
6.2
6.3
4.5
6.9
1.4
1.0
0.7
1.3
1.7
19 years
1.2
2.2
2.1
2.8
2.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
<.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
2.1
2.1
2.8
2.1
2.8
20 years
1.5
1.2
2.1
2.2
2.8
0.2
<.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
<.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.0
2.1
2.1
3.1
2.0
21+; Missing Data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.4
3.0
2.7
3.5
<.1
0.2
<.1
0.1
0.2
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Alaska Native / American Indian
0.2
<.1
0.3
<.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
<.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
<.1
<.1
0.1
<.1
Asian
7.4
6.6
6.2
5.7
5.1
7.4
7.7
8.3
5.0
7.0
8.1
7.8
9.0
5.5
7.4
7.0
6.6
5.7
5.3
4.7
Black
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.6
2.1
1.1
1.6
1.9
1.5
2.6
1.3
1.9
2.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.7
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
21.4
23.0
27.2
28.3
28.5
26.2
27.0
26.4
27.5
30.7
23.8
20.4
24.0
26.6
28.4
23.3
27.6
28.9
29.0
30.1
Hispanic (of any race)
1.2
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
4.5
3.7
3.4
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.7
White
13.9
12.1
14.1
12.9
13.1
14.4
15.8
14.0
17.2
16.9
16.6
14.0
15.1
16.5
16.2
12.7
13.5
13.3
13.1
13.4
Two or more races
52.7
52.5
46.3
47.1
47.0
42.3
40.6
42.2
41.1
37.5
43.4
49.4
43.5
43.4
40.3
50.9
46.0
45.6
45.8
45.4
Unknown
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.7
2.6
3.6
4.0
4.3
3.5
2.0
3.6
2.6
2.5
3.2
2.0
2.0
2.7
3.1
2.9
Missing race data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption"
11
(AFCARS Foster Care File)
Children Waiting for Adoption
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total waiting children
317
293
289
258
249
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated
303
282
280
249
228
11 There
is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The
definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth
through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents'
parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years
old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and
who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ
from that used here. Back
12
Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to
identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.
Back
Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Alaska Native / American Indian
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
Asian
7.9
5.8
3.8
5.0
5.6
Black
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.8
0.4
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
20.2
24.9
23.9
25.6
26.1
Hispanic (of any race)
0.9
1.7
2.1
2.7
2.8
White
10.4
10.6
12.5
12.8
12.0
Two or more races
58.4
55.3
55.4
50.0
51.8
Unknown
1.3
1.0
2.1
2.7
1.2
Missing race data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)
Children Adopted
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Total children adopted
189
206
206
273
158
Age of Children Adopted (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Under 1 year
4.2
0.0
1.5
1.1
5.1
1 year
17.5
16.0
24.3
16.1
22.2
2 years
16.4
16.5
20.9
15.4
14.6
3 years
10.6
12.1
11.2
8.8
7.0
4 years
11.1
7.8
6.8
9.5
7.0
5 years
3.7
10.7
5.8
7.0
5.7
6 years
6.3
6.3
5.8
7.7
10.8
7 years
3.7
3.9
3.9
5.1
1.9
8 years
4.2
5.3
4.4
5.9
4.4
9 years
2.6
5.3
2.9
5.1
5.1
10 years
4.2
3.9
2.4
2.2
2.5
11 years
3.2
3.4
2.4
3.7
1.9
12 years
3.2
1.5
3.4
5.5
0.0
13 years
1.6
3.4
1.0
0.7
5.1
14 years
3.2
1.9
0.5
2.2
3.2
15 years
1.6
0.0
1.5
1.1
2.5
16 years
1.1
1.5
0.5
1.5
0.6
17 years
1.1
0.5
1.0
0.7
0.6
18 years
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
19 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Alaska Native / American Indian
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
Asian
10.6
7.8
9.2
1.8
5.1
Black
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.7
0.6
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
22.8
19.4
34.5
31.1
24.1
Hispanic (of any race)
0.0
1.5
1.5
1.8
0.6
White
18.0
8.7
8.7
11.0
11.4
Two or more races
47.6
59.7
44.2
52.7
52.5
Unknown
1.1
2.4
0.5
0.7
5.1
Missing race data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Hawaii [Outcomes Data]
Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13
Year
2018-2019
2019-2020
2020-2021
2021-2022
2022-2023
Children without a recurrence
95.8
94.8
92.1
92.4
N/A
Children with one or more recurrences
4.2
5.2
7.9
7.6
N/A
Number
1,261
1,369
1,203
1,384
N/A
13 At
the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the
recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of
maltreatment in 2022. Back
Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)
2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Children maltreated while in foster care
0.11
0.59
0.26
0.63
0.31
Children not maltreated while in foster care
99.89
99.41
99.74
99.37
99.69
Number
2,737
2,869
2,679
2,555
2,292
Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care
File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
16.4
16.7
17.8
22.9
16.6
Guardianship
12.2
14.4
17.9
19.3
18.2
Reunification
59.9
59.1
54.0
49.0
53.0
Other
10.0
8.9
9.9
7.8
11.6
Missing data
1.5
1.0
0.4
1.0
0.6
Number
979
1,135
1,072
1,122
952
Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
28.7
30.6
32.5
41.3
34.8
Guardianship
11.8
11.3
16.2
11.9
13.0
Reunification
44.9
44.4
34.4
35.6
33.9
Other
12.9
12.5
16.9
10.6
16.5
Missing data
1.7
1.3
0.0
0.6
1.7
Number
178
160
154
160
115
Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
2.3
0.8
1.5
2.4
1.5
Guardianship
6.3
7.8
9.2
21.7
15.2
Reunification
56.8
57.4
51.5
42.7
43.3
Other
32.4
32.8
37.4
30.8
38.0
Missing data
2.3
1.2
0.4
2.4
1.9
Number
222
244
262
253
263
Exits to Emancipation (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry
12.7
7.1
5.8
9.5
4.9
Children older than 12 at entry
87.3
92.9
94.2
90.5
95.1
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number
79
84
103
84
103
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Alaska Native / American Indian
Asian
Black (non-Hispanic)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
19.0
20.5
19.8
8.1
10.0
0.0
6.7
15.0
8.3
7.7
Guardianship
14.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.9
18.2
17.7
12.9
20.0
4.0
26.7
10.0
4.2
7.7
Reunification
85.7
83.3
100.0
0.0
0.0
60.8
56.8
44.8
61.3
64.3
72.0
46.7
75.0
79.2
76.9
Other
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
50.0
8.9
4.5
15.6
12.9
5.7
24.0
20.0
0.0
8.3
7.7
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
2.1
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number
7
6
5
0
2
79
88
96
62
70
25
15
20
24
13
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Hispanic (of any race)
Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.
White (non-Hispanic)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
0.0
5.9
7.9
13.5
3.4
16.3
13.0
24.9
27.1
13.7
18.4
10.1
11.1
15.7
11.7
Guardianship
3.7
8.8
18.4
13.5
31.0
10.7
13.0
13.2
23.7
15.9
10.4
10.7
16.7
14.1
14.9
Reunification
70.4
73.5
65.8
64.9
51.7
66.5
64.5
51.4
42.8
57.0
62.0
69.2
64.8
62.2
61.7
Other
22.2
8.8
7.9
8.1
13.8
5.6
9.1
9.7
6.4
12.2
7.4
8.2
7.4
7.6
11.7
Missing data
3.7
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.0
1.1
1.8
1.9
0.0
0.5
0.0
Number
27
34
38
37
29
233
231
257
299
270
163
159
162
185
154
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Two or More Races
Unable to Determine
Missing Data
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Adoption
17.9
20.9
17.8
27.3
22.1
10.0
12.2
3.6
7.1
26.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Guardianship
15.3
15.3
21.2
21.1
20.8
10.0
17.1
21.4
10.7
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Reunification
52.7
53.1
50.0
41.9
43.8
75.0
65.9
75.0
78.6
60.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
12.5
9.8
10.9
8.2
12.5
5.0
2.4
0.0
3.6
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Missing data
1.6
0.9
0.0
1.4
0.8
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number
425
561
466
487
384
20
41
28
28
30
0
0
0
0
0
Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster
Care File)
Time to Reunification (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Less than 12 mos.
75.4
75.7
67.0
68.7
73.7
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.
17.4
18.6
23.1
22.7
17.2
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.
5.8
5.1
7.4
6.2
6.3
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.
1.4
0.3
2.4
2.2
2.4
48 or more mos.
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.4
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number
586
671
579
550
505
Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Children entering care for the first time
78.0
81.6
74.2
77.4
72.3
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode
10.1
8.1
10.4
8.6
10.6
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode
11.5
10.3
15.4
13.2
16.8
Missing data
0.4
0.0
<.1
0.8
0.3
Number
1,181
1,233
1,002
998
906
Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Time to Adoption (%)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Less than 12 mos.
6.8
2.6
4.7
3.1
7.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.
41.0
30.7
44.5
42.8
43.7
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.
24.8
42.9
28.8
28.4
29.7
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.
24.2
14.3
20.4
17.9
7.6
48 or more mos.
3.1
9.5
1.6
7.8
11.4
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number
161
189
191
257
158
Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
Category
In Care Less Than 12 Months
In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months
In Care for 24 Months or Longer
Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements
84.8
87.4
87.2
87.3
87.4
78.6
74.0
77.4
78.8
78.6
51.4
58.4
56.9
57.0
57.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Children with 3 or more placements
10.3
8.9
11.2
10.6
10.7
21.4
25.9
22.6
21.0
21.2
48.5
41.6
43.1
43.0
42.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Missing Placement setting counts
4.9
3.7
1.6
2.1
1.9
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total number
1,322
1,377
1,156
1,117
1,027
751
788
813
756
693
664
704
708
682
572
0
0
2
0
0
Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Foster Care File)
Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)