California

California [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics 1 2

General Child Population (Census Bureau) 3

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children under 18 years	8,974,477	8,881,104	8,818,239	8,652,868	8,506,027
Race/ethnicity (%) 4
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian	12.3	12.5	12.6	12.7	12.9
Black	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hispanic (of any race)	51.5	51.5	51.6	51.8	51.9
White	25.3	25.0	24.8	24.5	24.1
Two or more races	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.4
Child population in poverty (%)	17.4	15.6	14.6	15.3	15.3

Child Welfare Summary 5

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Child maltreatment victims	63,795	64,132	60,317	55,503	50,869
Foster care entry rate	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.6	2.4
Children in foster care on 9/30	54,304	52,220	51,728	48,738	45,924
Children adopted	6,966	6,981	5,562	6,242	5,657

Caseworker Visits 6

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children receiving monthly visits (%)	94.1	94.9	93.8	93.8	92.7
Numerator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	521,789	512,724	513,096	490,671	455,430
Denominator (Children receiving monthly visits (%))	554,313	540,268	547,259	523,322	491,059
Children receiving visits in the home (%)	79.3	79.8	87.6	91.0	86.9
Numerator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	413,617	408,959	449,544	446,504	395,677
Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%)	521,789	512,724	513,096	490,671	455,430

1 The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30.  Back
2 Data that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare Outcomes data site.  Back
3 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020 poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the ACS Experimental Data webpage: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html.  Back
4 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and ethnicity are treated as two separate categories.  Back
5 A child victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS.  Back
6 The reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement.  Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS]) 7

Overview Maltreatment Information 8

Category	Number					Rate
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	360,040	343,536	306,919	271,487	292,782	40.1 per 1,000	38.7 per 1,000	34.8 per 1,000	31.4 per 1,000	34.4 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims	63,795	64,132	60,317	55,503	50,869	7.1 per 1,000	7.2 per 1,000	6.8 per 1,000	6.4 per 1,000	6.0 per 1,000
Child Fatalities	145	153	150	159	164	1.6 per 100,000	1.7 per 100,000	1.7 per 100,000	1.8 per 100,000	1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	16.0	15.8	16.2	16.4	16.6
1 year	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2
2 years	6.3	6.1	6.3	6.0	5.7
3 years	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.5
4 years	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.2
5 years	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.4
6 years	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.4
7 years	5.4	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.1
8 years	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.9
9 years	4.9	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.7
10 years	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.5
11 years	4.6	4.9	4.5	4.6	4.7
12 years	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8
13 years	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.7
14 years	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.6
15 years	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.6
16 years	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.2
17 years	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.1
18+ years	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Missing age data	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Number	63,795	64,132	60,317	55,503	50,869

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
Asian	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5
Black	13.3	13.0	13.1	13.0	13.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	55.6	55.9	55.8	57.0	57.4
White	20.0	19.9	19.7	18.9	18.8
Two or more races	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2
Missing race data	5.5	5.2	5.6	5.2	4.9
Number	63,795	64,132	60,317	55,503	50,869

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) 9

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Emotional abuse	10.3	9.3	9.2	8.3	8.0
Medical neglect	0.2	0.1	<.1	0.1	0.1
Neglect	93.0	94.3	94.0	93.2	93.5
Physical abuse	7.8	7.3	7.0	6.6	7.0
Sexual abuse	5.4	5.4	5.5	7.0	6.9
Sex trafficking	<.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
Number	63,795	64,132	60,317	55,503	50,869

Time to Investigation (in hours) 10

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Mean	147.7	147.8	141.0	138.3	162.5
Median	>72 but <96	>72 but <96	>72 but <96	>72 but <96	>72 but <96

7 The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year.  Back
8 The rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18.  Back
9 These percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may exceed 100.  Back
10 Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation.  Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total number	52,661	50,470	50,350	49,726	47,090	26,945	27,888	24,570	22,720	20,609	25,310	26,143	23,193	23,710	21,775	54,304	52,220	51,728	48,738	45,924
Median length of stay (months)	15.3	15.3	14.5	16.3	17.0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	16.3	16.8	15.6	18.2	18.3	15.8	14.8	16.5	17.2	17.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	7.7	7.6	8.1	7.4	7.8	21.1	20.6	21.7	22.9	23.0	4.6	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.8	7.2	7.9	7.2	7.6	7.6
1 year	8.4	8.5	8.0	8.7	8.4	7.3	7.1	6.9	6.7	6.6	10.1	9.7	9.3	9.0	9.2	8.3	8.1	8.7	8.4	8.5
2 years	7.0	7.0	6.9	6.8	7.4	6.6	6.1	6.4	6.0	5.8	9.5	8.7	8.5	8.6	8.8	6.9	6.9	6.9	7.5	7.0
3 years	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.1	5.9	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.6	5.1	7.6	7.5	7.1	7.3	7.1	5.9	5.9	6.1	5.9	6.2
4 years	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.4	4.9	6.9	6.2	6.1	6.5	6.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.1
5 years	4.8	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.3	5.1	4.9	4.8	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.6	4.8	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.9
6 years	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	5.4	5.0	5.0	5.4	5.3	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.6
7 years	4.4	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.6	5.4	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.6
8 years	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.2
9 years	4.2	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.7	4.1	4.6	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.1
10 years	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.6	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.8
11 years	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.8
12 years	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.6	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.8
13 years	3.6	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.1	3.6	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.0	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1
14 years	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.5	4.4	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.9	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.3
15 years	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.8	4.3	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.2	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.9
16 years	5.1	4.9	5.2	5.0	5.0	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.2	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.1	4.8	5.2	4.9	4.9	5.3
17 years	5.8	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.6	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.1	2.7	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.1	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.5
18 years	5.0	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	3.0	7.2	7.4	7.7	7.5	5.0	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
19 years	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	2.8	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	3.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
20 years	1.1	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.4	0.6	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5
21+; Missing Data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	4.2	4.8	4.9	4.9	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)

Category	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY					Entered Foster Care in FY					Exited Foster Care in FY					In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asian	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Black	19.3	18.9	18.7	18.6	18.2	16.2	16.1	16.3	15.5	15.6	16.4	16.2	16.4	16.5	16.0	19.1	18.7	18.6	18.1	18.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	51.1	53.3	54.2	55.1	56.2	53.0	55.0	54.9	56.3	56.1	51.9	54.5	54.7	55.6	56.2	51.7	53.6	54.3	55.4	56.2
White	19.2	19.2	18.7	18.0	17.8	20.6	19.7	19.7	19.4	19.6	20.4	20.1	20.3	19.2	19.6	19.4	19.0	18.5	18.2	17.7
Two or more races	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.0	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8
Unknown	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Missing race data	2.9	1.4	1.0	0.8	0.5	3.2	1.6	1.2	1.2	1.0	3.5	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.7	2.7	1.4	1.2	0.9	0.7

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" 11 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total waiting children	15,151	14,712	15,356	15,639	15,349
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	7,370	7,500	6,842	7,178	8,180

11 There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ from that used here.  Back

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%) 12

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	6.6	7.1	5.6	5.8	5.8
1 year	13.9	12.9	13.9	12.9	13.0
2 years	12.0	11.6	11.2	12.3	11.5
3 years	9.3	9.4	9.6	9.0	9.9
4 years	8.1	7.7	7.9	7.6	7.5
5 years	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.8	6.5
6 years	5.9	5.9	6.0	6.3	5.8
7 years	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.7
8 years	4.8	5.1	4.8	4.9	4.8
9 years	4.8	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.5
10 years	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.1
11 years	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
12 years	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.4
13 years	2.9	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
14 years	2.4	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.2
15 years	2.2	2.3	2.6	3.0	2.9
16 years	1.8	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.6
17 years	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.6

12 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.  Back

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6
Asian	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9
Black	16.4	16.9	16.4	16.6	17.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic (of any race)	53.0	53.7	54.5	55.7	56.5
White	21.1	20.7	20.8	19.7	18.9
Two or more races	5.0	5.2	4.9	4.9	4.8
Unknown	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4
Missing race data	2.5	1.3	1.2	1.0	0.6

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total children adopted	6,966	6,981	5,562	6,242	5,657

Age of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Under 1 year	1.9	2.1	1.6	1.3	1.2
1 year	16.1	16.6	16.3	13.8	14.6
2 years	17.6	16.2	16.4	16.0	16.2
3 years	12.0	12.2	12.1	11.6	11.5
4 years	9.4	8.9	9.0	9.8	8.8
5 years	7.1	7.9	7.6	7.2	7.3
6 years	6.4	6.0	6.2	6.8	6.2
7 years	5.6	5.4	4.9	5.8	5.4
8 years	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.8
9 years	4.2	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.3
10 years	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.8	4.0
11 years	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5
12 years	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.4
13 years	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.6	3.0
14 years	1.6	1.6	2.1	1.9	2.0
15 years	0.9	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.6
16 years	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.5
17 years	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.1	1.4
18 years	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4
19 years	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1
20 years	<.1	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Alaska Native / American Indian	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.4
Asian	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2
Black	12.6	13.5	13.4	13.8	12.5
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0.3	0.2	0.2	<.1	0.1
Hispanic (of any race)	51.1	52.9	52.8	52.9	55.3
White	25.3	25.1	25.2	24.4	24.3
Two or more races	6.3	5.7	5.9	5.5	5.3
Unknown	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4
Missing race data	2.4	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.6

California [Outcomes Data]

Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 13

Year	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023
Children without a recurrence	92.1	92.5	92.6	92.9	N/A
Children with one or more recurrences	7.9	7.5	7.4	7.1	N/A
Number	63,833	64,333	58,872	55,974	N/A

13 At the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of maltreatment in 2022.  Back

Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children maltreated while in foster care	0.19	0.19	0.25	0.24	0.30
Children not maltreated while in foster care	99.81	99.81	99.75	99.76	99.70
Number	79,613	78,362	74,922	72,448	67,699

Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	25.9	25.4	22.0	24.6	26.0
Guardianship	11.0	9.7	8.7	11.2	9.2
Reunification	53.5	50.6	54.2	49.5	49.6
Other	9.5	14.3	14.9	14.6	15.0
Missing data	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Number	25,310	26,143	23,193	23,710	21,775

Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	31.2	32.0	28.8	30.1	31.5
Guardianship	12.8	11.2	9.7	12.5	9.8
Reunification	43.4	38.2	41.7	38.3	39.3
Other	12.3	18.5	19.6	19.0	19.3
Missing data	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Number	7,541	8,084	7,200	7,833	7,671

Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	1.9	1.7	2.3	2.4	3.0
Guardianship	7.3	5.3	6.1	7.1	6.3
Reunification	47.1	36.9	36.6	34.2	35.1
Other	43.4	56.0	54.9	56.1	55.3
Missing data	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Number	4,325	5,100	4,926	4,871	4,384

Exits to Emancipation (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children age 12 or younger at entry	19.7	21.6	20.4	19.1	22.7
Children older than 12 at entry	80.3	78.4	79.6	80.9	77.3
Missing data	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	1,990	3,278	3,025	3,111	2,887

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Alaska Native / American Indian					Asian					Black (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	19.7	19.9	13.1	22.8	16.4	16.7	14.8	14.6	16.2	17.1	19.8	21.3	18.1	20.2	20.1
Guardianship	22.5	13.7	16.5	21.8	20.5	5.7	3.7	5.1	7.3	7.6	15.0	12.7	11.2	15.3	12.0
Reunification	49.6	48.3	51.1	39.3	43.8	71.4	66.5	62.3	62.1	55.4	50.4	44.8	48.9	45.5	47.2
Other	8.2	17.1	19.3	15.5	18.5	6.2	15.0	17.9	14.4	19.8	14.6	21.1	21.7	19.0	20.5
Missing data	0.0	0.9	0.0	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	<.1	0.1
Number	244	211	176	206	146	402	427	390	396	368	4,159	4,247	3,801	3,914	3,493

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Hispanic (of any race)					Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.					White (non-Hispanic)
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	25.6	24.7	21.1	23.5	25.5	32.8	21.7	19.6	6.1	11.1	32.1	31.7	27.5	31.7	33.1
Guardianship	10.5	10.1	8.6	10.9	9.1	5.2	2.9	10.9	10.2	8.9	8.5	6.7	6.9	8.8	6.8
Reunification	55.6	52.8	57.1	52.3	52.0	44.8	62.3	60.9	61.2	53.3	49.8	48.1	51.8	45.6	46.3
Other	8.3	12.3	13.1	13.2	13.4	17.2	13.0	8.7	22.4	26.7	9.4	13.4	13.6	13.8	13.6
Missing data	<.1	<.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	<.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Number	13,147	14,239	12,682	13,188	12,234	58	69	46	49	45	5,170	5,254	4,717	4,542	4,262

Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)

Category	Two or More Races					Unable to Determine					Missing Data
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adoption	33.7	31.5	28.6	28.6	28.9	30.0	15.7	22.0	29.6	35.1	18.0	11.1	11.4	20.9	22.5
Guardianship	11.0	8.0	9.2	9.7	11.2	11.7	6.1	8.7	4.6	10.5	12.9	12.9	10.5	13.3	9.2
Reunification	46.0	43.8	45.9	43.5	43.0	45.0	64.3	59.1	56.5	45.6	62.9	63.4	59.5	51.7	46.5
Other	9.3	16.5	16.2	18.0	16.8	13.3	13.9	10.2	9.3	8.8	6.1	12.6	18.1	14.2	21.8
Missing data	<.1	0.3	<.1	0.3	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Number	1,187	1,177	1,044	1,096	1,028	60	115	127	108	57	883	404	210	211	142

Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Reunification (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	63.0	62.7	62.1	55.1	56.0
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	31.0	31.7	32.7	37.2	34.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	3.7	3.7	3.5	5.5	6.2
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.8
48 or more mos.	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.5
Missing data	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Number	13,534	13,225	12,581	11,748	10,806

Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children entering care for the first time	79.6	80.4	80.5	80.2	80.1
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	7.9	7.1	7.1	7.3	6.5
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	12.2	12.1	12.1	12.1	13.1
Missing data	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3
Number	26,945	27,888	24,570	22,720	20,609

Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Time to Adoption (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Less than 12 mos.	3.5	3.9	3.3	2.6	2.4
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	30.0	30.0	29.2	24.7	24.3
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	36.0	34.2	33.6	33.3	34.0
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	18.3	18.5	19.1	21.9	20.7
48 or more mos.	12.2	13.3	14.8	17.6	18.6
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	6,554	6,638	5,096	5,829	5,668

Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)

Category	In Care Less Than 12 Months					In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months					In Care for 24 Months or Longer					Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Children with 2 or fewer placements	87.7	87.8	88.8	87.6	86.8	70.8	71.5	73.2	74.6	74.4	42.0	42.5	44.4	47.4	48.3	90.5	96.6	92.8	92.7	92.6
Children with 3 or more placements	12.3	12.2	11.2	12.4	13.2	29.2	28.5	26.8	25.4	25.6	58.0	57.5	55.6	52.6	51.7	9.5	3.4	6.2	6.1	7.4
Missing Placement setting counts	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.2	0.0
Total number	31,086	31,929	28,457	26,087	23,870	21,260	20,368	20,975	19,285	17,849	27,246	25,976	25,393	26,994	25,885	21	89	97	82	95

Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Group homes	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Institution	1.7	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.1
Other settings	97.4	98.1	98.4	98.5	98.4
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	21,450	22,127	19,490	18,057	16,189