Denominator (Children receiving visits in the home)
22,905
24,251
22,724
20,815
19,458
1 The
source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each
section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau.
Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child
Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care
Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the federal
fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. Back 2 Data
that did not meet the quality standards for inclusion in the report
are represented as DQ*. Missing and incomplete data excluded from
inclusion in the report are represented as --. For additional
information on the data quality thresholds for the Child Welfare
Outcomes Report, please reference the full report or the Child Welfare
Outcomes data site. Back 3 The
total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates
from the Census Bureau
https://www.census.gov/data/tables.html . Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's American Community
Survey (ACS). Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020
poverty estimates are not available on data.census.gov. The 2020
poverty estimates are considered experimental and can be found on the
ACS Experimental Data webpage:
https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/experimental-data.html. Back 4 For
race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.
The Child Welfare Outcomes Report data site
http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite
provides alternative race/ethnicity breakdowns in which race and
ethnicity are treated as two separate categories. Back 5 A child
victim is defined as a child for whom the state determined at least
one maltreatment was substantiated or indicated. This includes a child
who died of child abuse and neglect. This is a change from prior years
when children with dispositions of alternative response victim were
included as victims. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000
children in the state population. Data on child maltreatment victims
are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster
care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. Back 6 Data for FY 2023
and subsequent years are not available for this section due to changes in data
reporting. As of FY 2023, the AFCARS Adoption file, which previously included
both public and private adoptions and served as the data source for this section,
is no longer produced. Consequently, Section E now only includes data from FY 2019
through FY 2022. Please note that adoption-related data for FY 2023 and subsequent
years, such as permanency and exit numbers, are derived from the AFCARS Foster
Care file, which includes only public adoptions and does not provide the detailed
characteristics previously available in the discontinued AFCARS Adoption
file. Back 7 The
reporting population subject to the caseworker visits requirements
includes all children under age 18 for at least the first day of the
FY (October 1) who have been in foster care for at least one full
calendar month during the FY. All states have the option of using an
approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting
requirement. Back
B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
[NCANDS])
8
8 The
unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of
the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the
reporting year. Back 9 The
rates for Child Protective Services responses and victims are per
1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000
children under age 18. Back 10 These
percentages are calculated against the number of unique victims. A
child may have been the victim of more than one type of maltreatment,
or the same type of maltreatment more than once. As a result, the
total percentages both within and across maltreatment categories may
exceed 100. Back 11
Response time is defined as the time between the report of suspected
maltreatment and the first face-to-face contact with the alleged
victim or with another person who can provide information on the
allegation. Back
C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care
Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)
Overview Foster Care Information
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Total number
2,720
2,857
2,809
2,792
2,733
1,493
1,344
1,320
1,151
1,022
1,294
1,276
1,231
1,253
1,084
2,919
2,925
2,899
2,690
2,671
Median length of stay (months)
15.4
13.4
15.7
15.9
17.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
21.4
18.9
21.6
19.0
24.6
13.4
15.7
16.4
17.5
18.5
Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Under 1 year
6.4
5.6
5.9
6.2
5.3
16.9
18.2
18.5
19.4
18.6
3.5
2.8
2.6
3.0
2.1
5.6
5.9
6.1
5.5
4.9
1 year
8.5
8.3
7.2
7.6
7.5
8.9
6.5
6.6
5.0
6.8
7.3
6.3
5.8
6.9
6.4
8.4
7.1
7.4
7.5
6.9
2 years
7.9
8.3
7.2
6.8
6.4
7.4
6.0
6.5
6.1
7.3
8.0
8.9
9.1
8.2
7.8
8.4
7.2
6.8
6.6
7.4
3 years
6.8
7.6
8.1
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.7
5.8
8.2
7.4
8.0
5.5
7.7
7.6
8.1
6.4
6.7
5.9
4 years
6.0
6.4
6.8
7.0
6.3
6.6
5.4
6.7
5.0
6.9
5.6
6.3
7.6
7.3
6.6
6.5
6.9
7.1
6.4
6.2
5 years
6.2
6.1
5.8
6.3
5.9
6.2
5.9
5.3
5.0
5.1
7.0
6.4
6.2
6.5
6.4
6.0
5.7
6.4
5.9
6.1
6 years
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.9
5.7
5.4
4.2
5.7
6.9
6.5
7.1
6.5
5.9
6.6
5.9
5.9
5.4
6.0
5.3
7 years
5.6
5.9
5.2
5.4
4.8
5.8
4.9
5.9
5.4
5.3
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.8
5.1
5.5
4.9
6.1
8 years
5.8
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.3
4.2
5.0
4.6
5.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.0
5.5
4.8
9 years
5.2
5.5
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.7
5.6
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.7
5.8
4.3
4.9
4.8
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.8
4.9
10 years
6.4
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.2
3.4
4.0
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.2
4.4
11 years
5.0
6.4
4.7
4.9
5.3
4.7
5.4
5.4
4.5
3.4
5.1
5.3
3.7
4.5
5.9
6.2
4.8
4.8
5.4
5.1
12 years
4.4
4.4
6.2
5.1
4.2
4.0
5.8
4.3
4.2
3.9
4.7
5.5
4.6
5.9
3.6
4.5
6.1
5.1
4.3
4.6
13 years
4.7
4.0
5.1
5.7
5.2
2.9
3.9
3.9
5.3
4.5
3.7
3.1
4.8
4.8
3.8
4.0
5.0
5.7
5.5
4.7
14 years
3.9
4.3
4.2
5.1
5.4
3.4
3.1
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.1
3.8
5.0
4.3
4.3
5.1
5.4
5.1
15 years
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.3
5.2
2.9
3.6
4.5
4.7
2.4
3.2
3.0
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.7
4.1
4.3
5.2
4.8
16 years
3.5
3.4
3.7
4.2
4.1
2.2
3.1
3.0
3.3
2.3
2.6
2.1
3.9
3.4
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.6
17 years
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.7
4.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.9
3.1
2.3
2.2
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.7
4.6
4.0
18 years
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
1.9
0.0
<.1
<.1
0.0
0.0
7.1
7.4
8.2
8.0
4.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
2.8
19 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
<.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
<.1
<.1
0.8
20 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
21+; Missing Data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
<.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
Category
In Foster Care on 10/1 FY
Entered Foster Care in FY
Exited Foster Care in FY
In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Alaska Native / American Indian
44.4
45.2
45.9
48.3
49.6
46.1
46.4
49.5
50.4
55.8
44.3
43.0
42.3
45.9
47.3
45.3
46.7
49.1
50.3
52.9
Asian
0.5
1.0
1.2
0.7
0.9
1.7
1.5
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.5
1.3
1.5
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.6
Black
1.7
2.0
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.8
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.3
2.8
1.5
2.6
2.1
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
3.2
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.8
3.0
1.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
4.0
2.1
2.6
3.9
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.3
1.8
Hispanic (of any race)
5.4
4.8
4.8
4.1
3.8
5.0
4.5
3.5
3.7
4.2
6.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
4.2
4.6
4.4
3.9
3.3
3.8
White
23.9
23.1
21.0
19.3
19.6
22.2
19.9
20.7
20.2
16.1
23.4
25.0
24.5
20.1
19.6
23.3
20.9
19.4
19.4
18.3
Two or more races
20.9
21.1
21.8
22.6
21.0
20.5
20.0
21.3
18.6
18.7
20.8
19.0
21.2
22.8
20.9
20.8
21.5
21.8
20.8
20.1
Unknown
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
<.1
0.7
1.0
1.1
0.9
<.1
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
Missing race data
0.0
<.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
<.1
0.0
<.1
0.0
<.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption"
12
(AFCARS Foster Care File)
Children Waiting for Adoption
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Total waiting children
968
1,043
992
1,014
853
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated
391
309
334
328
266
12 There
is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The
definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth
through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents'
parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years
old and older whose parents' parental rights have been terminated and
who have a goal of emancipation. A state's own definition may differ
from that used here. Back
13
Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to
identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table.
Back
Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Alaska Native / American Indian
39.3
43.5
45.5
47.7
50.6
Asian
0.7
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.5
Black
2.2
2.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
3.3
2.5
1.9
1.4
0.2
Hispanic (of any race)
4.8
3.4
4.0
3.6
4.2
White
28.8
24.3
22.9
22.3
21.5
Two or more races
20.9
23.3
22.9
22.6
20.5
Unknown
0.0
0.0
0.4
<.1
0.5
Missing race data
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)
14
Children Adopted
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Total children adopted
380
333
320
288
N/A
Age of Children Adopted (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Under 1 year
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.0
N/A
1 year
7.9
8.7
6.9
8.3
N/A
2 years
12.1
12.3
12.8
12.2
N/A
3 years
10.0
8.7
11.6
7.3
N/A
4 years
6.6
8.4
9.1
9.7
N/A
5 years
7.9
5.7
7.2
8.7
N/A
6 years
8.4
10.8
6.9
7.3
N/A
7 years
7.1
5.7
6.9
4.9
N/A
8 years
7.6
3.6
4.7
4.9
N/A
9 years
3.7
8.1
5.3
5.9
N/A
10 years
4.7
5.7
4.7
5.2
N/A
11 years
6.1
5.4
2.5
3.8
N/A
12 years
5.5
5.4
6.3
5.6
N/A
13 years
2.6
2.1
4.7
4.5
N/A
14 years
2.9
3.6
2.5
3.8
N/A
15 years
2.4
3.3
1.9
3.8
N/A
16 years
1.8
0.6
3.8
2.4
N/A
17 years
1.8
1.2
1.9
1.7
N/A
18 years
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
19 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
20 years
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Alaska Native / American Indian
35.8
35.7
34.4
32.3
N/A
Asian
0.0
0.3
2.2
0.3
N/A
Black
0.8
2.1
3.1
1.7
N/A
Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander
1.6
5.4
2.5
2.8
N/A
Hispanic (of any race)
7.1
5.4
4.7
3.8
N/A
White
30.3
30.9
29.7
30.2
N/A
Two or more races
24.5
20.1
23.4
27.8
N/A
Unknown
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
N/A
Missing race data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
14 Data for FY 2023
and subsequent years are not available for this section due to changes in data
reporting. As of FY 2023, the AFCARS Adoption file, which previously included both
public and private adoptions and served as the data source for this section, is no
longer produced. Consequently, Section E now only includes data from FY 2019 through
FY 2022. Please note that adoption-related data for FY 2023 and subsequent years,
such as permanency and exit numbers, are derived from the AFCARS Foster Care file,
which includes only public adoptions and does not provide the detailed characteristics
previously available in the discontinued AFCARS Adoption file.
Back
Alaska [Outcomes Data]
Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 12 Months (%) 15
Year
2019-2020
2020-2021
2021-2022
2022-2023
2023-2024
Children without a recurrence
83.3
88.2
86.9
88.6
N/A
Children with one or more recurrences
16.7
11.8
13.1
11.4
N/A
Total
3,022
2,709
2,778
2,592
N/A
15 At
the time of the analysis, data were not available to calculate the
recurrence of maltreatment for children who were victims of
maltreatment in 2023. Back
Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)
Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Children maltreated while in foster care
0.78
1.43
1.11
1.09
1.12
Children not maltreated while in foster care
99.22
98.57
98.89
98.91
98.88
Total
4,213
4,201
4,130
3,943
3,755
Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care
File)
Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
29.1
25.9
25.7
22.8
28.8
Guardianship
7.0
8.2
8.4
8.2
5.4
Reunification
50.4
49.8
49.6
50.2
57.6
Other
13.5
13.6
14.9
17.0
8.2
Missing data
0.0
2.6
1.5
1.8
0.0
Total
1,294
1,276
1,231
1,253
1,084
Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%) 16
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
59.6
49.1
43.0
53.2
49.1
Guardianship
7.3
13.0
14.0
4.3
9.4
Reunification
17.4
13.0
16.5
25.2
36.5
Other
15.6
25.0
26.4
16.5
5.0
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
Total
109
108
121
139
159
16 The
absence of data for some states in AFCARS 2020 under Measure 3.2 is
likely due to reporting issues rather than a decline in the percentage
of children with a diagnosed disability exiting to a permanent home.
Back
Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
7.1
2.1
6.1
5.7
5.9
Guardianship
3.8
5.3
7.1
5.7
8.9
Reunification
43.5
40.0
37.2
39.4
78.1
Other
45.7
51.1
47.4
48.2
7.1
Missing data
0.0
1.6
2.0
1.0
0.0
Total
184
190
196
193
169
Exits to Emancipation (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Children age 12 or younger at entry
18.9
14.2
21.7
21.8
25.0
Children older than 12 at entry
81.1
85.8
78.3
78.2
75.0
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
95
106
106
101
4
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Alaska Native / American Indian
Asian
Black (non-Hispanic)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
23.2
21.5
21.1
16.2
26.1
0.0
0.0
38.9
12.5
40.0
13.6
20.7
29.4
26.3
7.1
Guardianship
5.8
5.6
6.7
7.3
5.7
0.0
6.3
5.6
12.5
0.0
13.6
3.4
8.8
5.3
28.6
Reunification
51.0
52.5
50.3
51.3
54.0
100.0
87.5
38.9
75.0
60.0
54.5
58.6
50.0
57.9
64.3
Other
20.1
18.0
21.5
24.0
14.2
0.0
6.3
11.1
0.0
0.0
18.2
17.2
11.8
10.5
0.0
Missing data
0.0
2.4
0.4
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
573
549
521
575
513
6
16
18
8
10
22
29
34
19
28
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Hispanic (of any race)
Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.
White (non-Hispanic)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
31.4
26.1
22.7
16.2
20.0
17.6
35.3
30.8
25.0
28.6
38.0
32.3
30.9
33.7
27.7
Guardianship
10.5
13.0
10.6
13.2
11.1
11.8
25.5
30.8
18.8
0.0
7.9
5.6
5.3
5.6
4.2
Reunification
48.8
47.8
59.1
50.0
66.7
61.8
29.4
30.8
46.9
69.0
46.9
48.3
51.5
50.0
67.1
Other
9.3
10.1
6.1
17.6
2.2
8.8
2.0
7.7
3.1
2.4
7.3
10.7
9.6
7.9
0.9
Missing data
0.0
2.9
1.5
2.9
0.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
3.1
2.7
2.8
0.0
Total
86
69
66
68
45
34
51
26
32
42
303
319
301
252
213
Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Category
Two or More Races
Unable to Determine
Missing Data
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Adoption
34.2
27.7
28.0
28.0
40.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Guardianship
6.7
13.2
12.6
9.8
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Reunification
50.6
47.1
45.6
47.2
51.1
100.0
0.0
100.0
50.0
83.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
Other
8.6
10.3
11.5
14.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Missing data
0.0
1.7
2.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
269
242
261
286
227
1
0
4
12
6
0
1
0
1
0
Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster
Care File)
Time to Reunification (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Less than 12 mos.
46.6
53.5
41.1
43.4
31.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.
34.8
30.9
40.8
34.7
34.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.
13.2
8.2
12.3
16.9
19.6
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.
3.7
5.0
2.8
2.9
7.4
48 or more mos.
1.7
2.4
3.1
2.2
7.1
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
652
635
611
629
624
Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Children entering care for the first time
79.3
83.1
81.6
80.3
79.5
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode
7.3
5.7
5.4
6.6
7.8
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode
13.4
11.2
12.9
13.1
12.7
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
Total
1,493
1,344
1,320
1,151
1,022
Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Time to Adoption (%)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Less than 12 mos.
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.3
1.0
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.
17.8
16.4
18.7
21.7
8.7
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.
38.0
30.9
36.4
32.2
36.2
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.
21.3
32.4
19.6
26.9
26.6
48 or more mos.
21.8
19.1
24.1
18.9
27.6
Missing data
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
376
330
316
286
312
Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
Category
In Care Less Than 12 Months
In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months
In Care for 24 Months or Longer
Time in Care Missing or Out of Range
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Children with 2 or fewer placements
78.1
82.6
79.6
77.8
86.8
65.5
60.5
69.1
62.5
88.7
41.6
43.2
41.9
40.5
83.5
100.0
100.0
50.0
87.5
0.0
Children with 3 or more placements
21.8
17.2
20.4
22.0
13.2
34.5
39.5
30.9
37.5
11.3
58.4
56.8
58.1
59.5
16.5
0.0
0.0
50.0
0.0
0.0
Missing Placement setting counts
<.1
0.2
<.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
Total number
1,705
1,573
1,521
1,375
1,156
1,096
1,224
1,102
1,080
983
1,410
1,400
1,505
1,480
1,616
2
4
2
8
0
Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Foster Care File)
Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)